Discovery BoxLuke 2:36-52
Context2:36 There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, 1 having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 2:37 She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. 2 She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. 3 2:38 At that moment, 4 she came up to them 5 and began to give thanks to God and to speak 6 about the child 7 to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. 8
2:39 So 9 when Joseph and Mary 10 had performed 11 everything according to the law of the Lord, 12 they returned to Galilee, to their own town 13 of Nazareth. 14 2:40 And the child grew and became strong, 15 filled with wisdom, 16 and the favor 17 of God 18 was upon him.
2:41 Now 19 Jesus’ 20 parents went to Jerusalem 21 every 22 year for the feast of the Passover. 23 2:42 When 24 he was twelve years old, 25 they went up 26 according to custom. 2:43 But 27 when the feast was over, 28 as they were returning home, 29 the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His 30 parents 31 did not know it, 2:44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) 32 they went a day’s journey. Then 33 they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 34 2:45 When 35 they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem 36 to look for him. 2:46 After 37 three days 38 they found him in the temple courts, 39 sitting among the teachers, 40 listening to them and asking them questions. 2:47 And all who heard Jesus 41 were astonished 42 at his understanding and his answers. 2:48 When 43 his parents 44 saw him, they were overwhelmed. His 45 mother said to him, “Child, 46 why have you treated 47 us like this? Look, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.” 48 2:49 But 49 he replied, 50 “Why were you looking for me? 51 Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 52 2:50 Yet 53 his parents 54 did not understand 55 the remark 56 he made 57 to them. 2:51 Then 58 he went down with them and came to Nazareth, 59 and was obedient 60 to them. But 61 his mother kept all these things 62 in her heart. 63
2:52 And Jesus increased 64 in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and with people.
[2:36] 1 tn Her age is emphasized by the Greek phrase here, “she was very old in her many days.”
[2:37] 2 tn Grk “living with her husband for seven years from her virginity and she was a widow for eighty four years.” The chronology of the eighty-four years is unclear, since the final phrase could mean “she was widowed until the age of eighty-four” (so BDAG 423 s.v. ἕως 1.b.α). However, the more natural way to take the syntax is as a reference to the length of her widowhood, the subject of the clause, in which case Anna was about 105 years old (so D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT], 1:251-52; I. H. Marshall, Luke, [NIGTC], 123-24).
[2:37] 3 sn The statements about Anna worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day make her extreme piety clear.
[2:38] 4 tn Grk “at that very hour.”
[2:38] 5 tn Grk “And coming up.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. The participle ἐπιστᾶσα (epistasa) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[2:38] 6 tn The imperfect ἐλάλει (elalei) here looks at a process of declaration, not a single moment. She clearly was led by God to address men and women about the hope Jesus was. The testimony of Luke 1—2 to Jesus has involved all types of people.
[2:38] 7 tn Grk “him”; the referent (the child) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:38] 8 tc A few
[2:39] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the topic.
[2:39] 10 tn Grk “when they”; the referents (Joseph and Mary) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:39] 12 sn On the phrase the law of the Lord see Luke 2:22-23.
[2:39] 14 map For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.
[2:40] 15 tc Most
[2:40] 16 sn With the description grew and became strong, filled with wisdom Luke emphasizes the humanity of Jesus and his growth toward maturity.
[2:40] 18 sn On the phrase the favor of God see Luke 1:66.
[2:41] 19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[2:41] 20 tn Grk “his”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:41] 21 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:41] 22 tn On the distributive use of the term κατά (kata), see BDF §305.
[2:41] 23 sn The custom of Jesus and his family going to Jerusalem every year for the feast of the Passover shows their piety in obeying the law (Exod 23:14-17).
[2:42] 24 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:42] 25 sn According to the Mishnah, the age of twelve years old is one year before a boy becomes responsible for his religious commitments (m. Niddah 5.6).
[2:42] 26 tc Most
[2:43] 27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated contrastively in keeping with the context. This outcome is different from what had happened all the times before.
[2:43] 28 tn Grk “when the days ended.”
[2:43] 29 tn The word “home” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied for clarity.
[2:43] 30 tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:43] 31 tc Most
[2:44] 32 sn An ancient journey like this would have involved a caravan of people who traveled together as a group for protection and fellowship.
[2:44] 33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[2:44] 34 tn Or “and friends.” See L&N 28.30 and 34.17.
[2:45] 35 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:45] 36 sn The return to Jerusalem would have taken a second day, since they were already one day’s journey away.
[2:46] 37 tn Grk “And it happened that after.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:46] 38 sn Three days means there was one day out, another day back, and a third day of looking in Jerusalem.
[2:46] 39 tn Grk “the temple.”
[2:46] 40 tn This is the only place in Luke’s Gospel where the term διδάσκαλος (didaskalo", “teacher”) is applied to Jews.
[2:47] 41 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:47] 42 sn There was wonder (all who heard…were astonished) that Jesus at such a young age could engage in such a discussion. The fact that this story is told of a preteen hints that Jesus was someone special.
[2:48] 43 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:48] 44 tn Grk “when they”; the referent (his parents) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[2:48] 45 tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[2:48] 46 tn The Greek word here is τέκνον (teknon) rather than υἱός (Juios, “son”).
[2:48] 47 tn Or “Child, why did you do this to us?”
[2:48] 48 tn Or “your father and I have been terribly worried looking for you.”
[2:49] 49 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
[2:49] 50 tn Grk “he said to them.”
[2:49] 51 tn Grk “Why is it that you were looking for me?”
[2:49] 52 tn Or “I must be about my Father’s business” (so KJV, NKJV); Grk “in the [things] of my Father,” with an ellipsis. This verse involves an idiom that probably refers to the necessity of Jesus being involved in the instruction about God, given what he is doing. The most widely held view today takes this as a reference to the temple as the Father’s house. Jesus is saying that his parents should have known where he was.
[2:50] 53 tn Grk “And they.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast.
[2:50] 54 tn Grk “they”; the referent (his parents) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:50] 55 sn This was the first of many times those around Jesus did not understand what he was saying at the time (9:45; 10:21-24; 18:34).
[2:50] 57 tn Grk “which he spoke.”
[2:51] 58 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[2:51] 59 map For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.
[2:51] 60 tn Or “was submitting.”
[2:51] 61 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
[2:51] 62 tn Or “all these words.”
[2:51] 63 sn On the phrase his mother kept all these things in her heart compare Luke 2:19.
[2:52] 64 tn Or “kept increasing.” The imperfect tense suggests something of a progressive force to the verb.
