Luke 2:48

Context
2:48 When¹ his parents² saw him, they were overwhelmed. His³ mother said to him, “Child,⁴ why have you treated⁵ us like this? Look, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.”⁶

Luke 7:16

Context
7:16 Fear⁷ seized them all, and they began to glorify⁸ God, saying, “A great prophet⁹ has appeared¹⁰ among us!” and “God has come to help¹¹ his people!”

Luke 10:11

Context
10:11 ‘Even the dust of your town¹² that clings to our feet we wipe off¹³ against you.¹⁴ Nevertheless know this: The kingdom of God has come.’¹⁵

Luke 20:2

Context
20:2 and said to him,¹⁶ “Tell us: By what authority¹⁷ are you doing these things?¹⁸ Or who it is who gave you this authority?”

Luke 20:28

Context
20:28 They asked him,¹⁹ “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies leaving a wife but no children, that man²⁰ must marry²¹ the widow and father children²² for his brother.²³

[2:48] ¹tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[2:48] ²tn Grk “when they”; the referent (his parents) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[2:48] ³tn Grk “And his.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[2:48] ⁴tn The Greek word here is τέκνον (teknon) rather than υἱός (Juios, “son”).

[2:48] ⁵tn Or “Child, why did you do this to us?”

[2:48] ⁶tn Or “your father and I have been terribly worried looking for you.”

[7:16] ⁷tn Or “Awe.” Grk “fear,” but the context and the following remark show that it is mixed with wonder; see L&N 53.59. This is a reaction to God’s work; see Luke 5:9.

[7:16] ⁸tn This imperfect verb has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.

[7:16] ⁹sn That Jesus was a great prophet was a natural conclusion for the crowd to make, given the healing; but Jesus is more than this. See Luke 9:8, 19-20.

[7:16] ¹⁰tn Grk “arisen.”

[7:16] ¹¹tn Grk “visited,” but this conveys a different impression to a modern reader. L&N 85.11 renders the verb, “to be present, with the implication of concern – ‘to be present to help, to be on hand to aid.’ … ‘God has come to help his people’ Lk 7:16.” The language recalls Luke 1:68, 78.

[10:11] ¹³tn Or “city.”

[10:11] ¹⁴sn See Luke 9:5, where the verb is different but the meaning is the same. This was a sign of rejection.

[10:11] ¹⁵tn Here ὑμῖν (Jumin) has been translated as a dative of disadvantage.

[10:11] ¹⁶tn Or “has come near.” As in v. 9 (see above), the combination of ἐγγίζω (engizw) with the preposition ἐπί (epi) is decisive in showing that the sense is “has come” (see BDAG 270 s.v. ἐγγίζω 2, and W. R. Hutton, “The Kingdom of God Has Come,” ExpTim 64 [Dec 1952]: 89-91).

[20:2] ¹⁹tn Grk “and said, saying to him.” This is redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.

[20:2] ²⁰tn On this phrase, see BDAG 844 s.v. ποῖος 2.a.γ.

[20:2] ²¹sn The leadership is looking back to acts like the temple cleansing (19:45-48). How could a Galilean preacher do these things?

[20:28] ²⁵tn Grk “asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[20:28] ²⁶tn Grk “his brother”; but this would be redundant in English with the same phrase “his brother” at the end of the verse, so most modern translations render this phrase “the man” (so NIV, NRSV).

[20:28] ²⁷tn The use of ἵνα (Jina) with imperatival force is unusual (BDF §470.1).

[20:28] ²⁸tn Grk “and raise up seed,” an idiom for procreating children (L&N 23.59).

[20:28] ²⁹sn A quotation from Deut 25:5. Because the OT quotation does not include “a wife” as the object of the verb, it has been left as normal type. This practice is called levirate marriage (see also Ruth 4:1-12; Mishnah, m. Yevamot; Josephus, Ant. 4.8.23 [4.254-256]). The levirate law is described in Deut 25:5-10. The brother of a man who died without a son had an obligation to marry his brother’s widow. This served several purposes: It provided for the widow in a society where a widow with no children to care for her would be reduced to begging, and it preserved the name of the deceased, who would be regarded as the legal father of the first son produced from that marriage.