Luke 21:9-19

21:9 And when you hear of wars and rebellions, ¹  do not be afraid. ²  For these things must happen first, but the end will not come at once.” ³ 

Persecution of Disciples

21:10 Then he said to them, “Nation will rise up in arms ⁴  against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 21:11 There will be great earthquakes, and famines ⁵  and plagues in various places, and there will be terrifying sights ⁶  and great signs ⁷  from heaven. 21:12 But before all this, ⁸  they will seize ⁹  you and persecute you, handing you over to the synagogues ¹⁰  and prisons. You ¹¹  will be brought before kings and governors because of my name. 21:13 This will be a time for you to serve as witnesses. ¹²  21:14 Therefore be resolved ¹³  not to rehearse ¹⁴  ahead of time how to make your defense. 21:15 For I will give you the words ¹⁵  along with the wisdom ¹⁶  that none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. 21:16 You will be betrayed even by parents, ¹⁷  brothers, relatives, ¹⁸  and friends, and they will have some of you put to death. 21:17 You will be hated by everyone because of my name. ¹⁹  21:18 Yet ²⁰  not a hair of your head will perish. ²¹  21:19 By your endurance ²²  you will gain ²³  your lives. ²⁴ 

Luke 21:28

21:28 But when these things ²⁵  begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption ²⁶  is drawing near.”

[21:9]  ¹ tn Social and political chaos also precedes the end. This term refers to revolutions (L&N 39.34).

[21:9]  ² tn This is not the usual term for fear, but refers to a deep sense of terror and emotional distress (Luke 24:37; BDAG 895 s.v. πτοέω).

[21:9]  ³ sn The end will not come at once. This remark about timing not only indicates that there will be events before the end, but that some time will also pass before it comes.

[21:10]  ⁴ tn For the translation “rise up in arms” see L&N 55.2.

[21:11]  ⁵ sn See Isa 5:13-14; 13:6-16; Hag 2:6-7; Zech 14:4.

[21:11]  ⁶ tn This term, φόβητρον (fobhtron), occurs only here in the NT. It could refer to an object, event, or condition that causes fear, but in the context it is linked with great signs from heaven, so the translation “sights” was preferred.

[21:11]  ⁷ sn See Jer 4:13-22; 14:12; 21:6-7.

[21:12]  ⁸ sn But before all this. Another note of timing is present, this one especially important in understanding the sequence in the discourse. Before the things noted in vv. 8-11 are the events of vv. 12-19.

[21:12]  ⁹ tn Grk “will lay their hands on you.”

[21:12]  ¹⁰ sn Some of the persecution is of Jewish origin (the synagogues). Some fulfillment of this can be seen in Acts. See the note on synagogues in 4:15.

[21:12]  ¹¹ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[21:13]  ¹² tn Grk “This will turn out to you for [a] testimony.”

[21:14]  ¹³ tn Grk “determine in your hearts.”

[21:14]  ¹⁴ tn This term could refer to rehearsing a speech or a dance. On its syntax, see BDF §392.2.

[21:15]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “a mouth.” It is a metonymy and refers to the reply the Lord will give to them.

[21:15]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “and wisdom.”

[21:16]  ¹⁷ sn To confess Christ might well mean rejection by one’s own family, even by parents.

[21:16]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “and brothers and relatives,” but καί (kai) has not been translated twice here since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[21:17]  ¹⁹ sn See Luke 6:22, 27; 1 Cor 1:25-31.

[21:18]  ²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[21:18]  ²¹ sn Given v. 16, the expression not a hair of your head will perish must be taken figuratively and refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.

[21:19]  ²² sn By your endurance is a call to remain faithful, because trusting in Jesus is the means to life.

[21:19]  ²³ tc Some important Greek witnesses plus the majority of mss (א D L W Ψ Ë¹ Ï) read the aorist imperative κτήσασθε (kthsasqe) here, though some mss (A B Θ Ë¹³ 33 pc lat sa) read the future indicative κτήσεσθε (kthsesqe). A decision is difficult because the evidence is so evenly balanced, but the aorist imperative is the harder reading and better explains the rise of the other. J. A. Fitzmyer assesses the translation options this way: “In English one has to use something similar [i.e., a future indicative], even if one follows the [aorist imperative]” (Luke [AB], 2:1341); in the same vein, although this translation follows the aorist imperative, because of English requirements it has been translated as though it were a future indicative.

[21:19]  ²⁴ tn Grk “your souls,” but ψυχή (yuch) is frequently used of one’s physical life. In light of v. 16 that does not seem to be the case here. The entire phrase could be taken as an idiom meaning “you will save yourselves” (L&N 21.20), or (as in v. 18) this could refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.

[21:28]  ²⁵ sn These things are all the events of vv. 8-27. Disciples represent the righteous here. The events surrounding the fall of the nation are a down payment on a fuller judgment to come on all humanity. The presence of one guarantees the other.

[21:28]  ²⁶ sn With Jesus’ return comes the manifestation of judgment and final salvation (redemption).