Luke 23:4-5

Context
23:4 Then¹ Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for an accusation² against this man.” 23:5 But they persisted³ in saying, “He incites⁴ the people by teaching throughout all Judea. It started in Galilee and ended up here!”⁵

Luke 23:14-16

Context
23:14 and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading⁶ the people. When I examined him before you, I⁷ did not find this man guilty⁸ of anything you accused him of doing. 23:15 Neither did Herod, for he sent him back to us. Look, he has done nothing⁹ deserving death.¹⁰ 23:16 I will therefore have him flogged¹¹ and release him.”

Luke 23:21-25

Context
23:21 But they kept on shouting,¹² “Crucify, crucify¹³ him!” 23:22 A third time he said to them, “Why? What wrong has he done? I have found him guilty¹⁴ of no crime deserving death.¹⁵ I will therefore flog¹⁶ him and release him.” 23:23 But they were insistent,¹⁷ demanding with loud shouts that he be crucified. And their shouts prevailed. 23:24 So¹⁸ Pilate¹⁹ decided²⁰ that their demand should be granted. 23:25 He released the man they asked for, who had been thrown in prison for insurrection and murder. But he handed Jesus over²¹ to their will.²²

[23:4] ¹tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[23:4] ²tn Grk “find no cause.”

[23:5] ³tn Or “were adamant.” For “persisted in saying,” see L&N 68.71.

[23:5] ⁴sn He incites the people. The Jewish leadership claimed that Jesus was a political threat and had to be stopped. By reiterating this charge of stirring up rebellion, they pressured Pilate to act, or be accused of overlooking political threats to Rome.

[23:5] ⁵tn Grk “beginning from Galilee until here.”

[23:14] ⁶tn This term also appears in v. 2.

[23:14] ⁷tn Grk “behold, I” A transitional use of ἰδού (idou) has not been translated here.

[23:14] ⁸tn Grk “nothing did I find in this man by way of cause.” The reference to “nothing” is emphatic.

[23:15] ⁹sn With the statement “he has done nothing,” Pilate makes another claim that Jesus is innocent of any crime worthy of death.

[23:15] ¹⁰tn Grk “nothing deserving death has been done by him.” The passive construction has been translated as an active one in keeping with contemporary English style.

[23:16] ¹¹tn Or “scourged” (BDAG 749 s.v. παιδεύω 2.b.γ). This refers to a whipping Pilate ordered in an attempt to convince Jesus not to disturb the peace. It has been translated “flogged” to distinguish it from the more severe verberatio.

[23:21] ¹²tn Grk “shouting, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant and has not been translated here.

[23:21] ¹³tn This double present imperative is emphatic.

[23:22] ¹⁴tn Grk “no cause of death I found in him.”

[23:22] ¹⁵sn The refrain of innocence comes once again. Pilate tried to bring some sense of justice, believing Jesus had committed no crime deserving death.

[23:22] ¹⁶tn Or “scourge” (BDAG 749 s.v. παιδεύω 2.b.γ). See the note on “flogged” in v. 16.

[23:23] ¹⁷tn Though a different Greek term is used here (BDAG 373 s.v. ἐπίκειμαι), this remark is like 23:5.

[23:24] ¹⁸tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the crowd’s cries prevailing.

[23:24] ¹⁹sn Finally Pilate gave in. He decided crucifying one Galilean teacher was better than facing a riot. Justice lost out in the process, because he did not follow his own verdict.

[23:24] ²⁰tn Although some translations render ἐπέκρινεν (epekrinen) here as “passed sentence” or “gave his verdict,” the point in context is not that Pilate sentenced Jesus to death here, but that finally, although convinced of Jesus’ innocence, he gave in to the crowd’s incessant demand to crucify an innocent man.

[23:25] ²¹tn Or “delivered up.”

[23:25] ²²sn He handed Jesus over to their will. Here is where Luke places the major blame for Jesus’ death. It lies with the Jewish nation, especially the leadership, though in Acts 4:24-27 he will bring in the opposition of Herod, Pilate, and all people.