Malachi 1:3

1:3 and rejected Esau. ¹  I turned Esau’s ²  mountains into a deserted wasteland ³  and gave his territory ⁴  to the wild jackals.”

[1:3]  ¹ tn Heb “and I loved Jacob, but Esau I hated.” The context indicates this is technical covenant vocabulary in which “love” and “hate” are synonymous with “choose” and “reject” respectively (see Deut 7:8; Jer 31:3; Hos 3:1; 9:15; 11:1).

[1:3]  ² tn Heb “his”; the referent (Esau) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:3]  ³ tn Heb “I set his mountains as a desolation.”

[1:3]  ⁴ tn Or “inheritance” (so NIV, NLT).