Mark 3:14

3:14 He ¹  appointed twelve (whom he named apostles ² ), ³  so that they would be with him and he could send them to preach

Mark 4:10

The Purpose of Parables

4:10 When he was alone, those around him with the twelve asked him about the parables.

Mark 5:42

5:42 The girl got up at once and began to walk around (she was twelve years old). They were completely astonished at this. ⁴ 

Mark 14:10

The Plan to Betray Jesus

14:10 Then ⁵  Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests to betray Jesus into their hands. ⁶ 

Mark 14:20

14:20 He said to them, “It is one of the twelve, one who dips his hand ⁷  with me into the bowl. ⁸ 

[3:14]  ¹ tn Grk “And he.”

[3:14]  ² sn The term apostles is rare in the gospels, found only here and Mark 6:30, Matt 10:2, and six more times in Luke (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).

[3:14]  ³ tc The phrase “whom he named apostles” is lacking in the majority of mss (A C² [D] L ˹ 33 Ï latt sy). Several primary Alexandrian and Caesarean witnesses (א B [C* W] Θ Ë¹³ 28 pc co) include the phrase, so the external evidence is strongly in favor of this reading, especially since Alexandrian witnesses tend to witness to the shorter reading. It is possible that the Alexandrian witnesses have inserted these words to bring the text in line with Luke 6:13 (TCGNT 69), but against this is the internal evidence of Mark’s style: Mark tends toward gratuitous redundancy. Thus the inclusion of this phrase is supported by both internal and external evidence and should be regarded as more likely original than the omission.

[5:42]  ⁴ tn The Greek word εὐθύς (euqus, often translated “immediately” or “right away”) has not been translated here. It sometimes occurs with a weakened, inferential use (BDAG 406 s.v. 2), not contributing significantly to the flow of the narrative. For further discussion, see R. J. Decker, Temporal Deixis of the Greek Verb in the Gospel of Mark with Reference to Verbal Aspect (SBG 10), 73-77.

[14:10]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[14:10]  ⁸ tn Grk “betray him to them”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:20]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “one who dips with me.” The phrase “his hand” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[14:20]  ¹¹ sn One who dips with me in the bowl. The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.