Matthew 10:34-42

Not Peace, but a Sword

10:34 “Do not think that I have come to bring ¹  peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword. 10:35 For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law, 10:36 and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household. ² 

10:37 “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 10:38 And whoever does not take up his cross ³  and follow me is not worthy of me. 10:39 Whoever finds his life ⁴  will lose it, ⁵  and whoever loses his life because of me ⁶  will find it.

Rewards

10:40 “Whoever receives you receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me. ⁷  10:41 Whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. Whoever ⁸  receives a righteous person in the name of a righteous person will receive a righteous person’s reward. 10:42 And whoever gives only a cup of cold water to one of these little ones in the name of a disciple, I tell you the truth, ⁹  he will never lose his reward.”

[10:34]  ¹ tn Grk “cast.” For βάλλω (ballw) in the sense of causing a state or condition, see L&N 13.14.

[10:36]  ² tn Matt 10:35-36 are an allusion to Mic 7:6.

[10:38]  ³ sn It was customary practice in a Roman crucifixion for the prisoner to be made to carry his own cross. Jesus is speaking figuratively here in the context of rejection. If the priority is not one’s allegiance to Jesus, then one will not follow him in the face of possible rejection.

[10:39]  ⁴ tn Grk “his soul,” but ψυχή (yuch) is frequently used of one’s physical life. It clearly has that meaning in this context.

[10:39]  ⁵ sn If there is no willingness to suffer the world’s rejection at this point, then one will not respond to Jesus (which is trying to find life) and then will be subject to this judgment (which is losing it).

[10:39]  ⁶ tn Or “for my sake.” The traditional rendering “for my sake” can be understood in the sense of “for my benefit,” but the Greek term ἕνεκα indicates the cause or reason for something (BDAG 334 s.v. 1).

[10:40]  ⁷ sn The one who sent me refers to God.

[10:41]  ⁸ tn Grk “And whoever.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[10:42]  ⁹ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”