Matthew 24:1-22

The Destruction of the Temple

24:1 Now ¹  as Jesus was going out of the temple courts and walking away, his disciples came to show him the temple buildings. ²  24:2 And he said to them, ³  “Do you see all these things? I tell you the truth, ⁴  not one stone will be left on another. ⁵  All will be torn down!” ⁶ 

Signs of the End of the Age

24:3 As ⁷  he was sitting on the Mount of Olives, his disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things ⁸  happen? And what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” 24:4 Jesus answered them, ⁹  “Watch out ¹⁰  that no one misleads you. 24:5 For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ ¹¹  and they will mislead many. 24:6 You will hear of wars and rumors of wars. Make sure that you are not alarmed, for this must happen, but the end is still to come. ¹²  24:7 For nation will rise up in arms ¹³  against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. And there will be famines ¹⁴  and earthquakes ¹⁵  in various places. 24:8 All ¹⁶  these things are the beginning of birth pains.

Persecution of Disciples

24:9 “Then they will hand you over to be persecuted and will kill you. You will be hated by all the nations ¹⁷  because of my name. ¹⁸  24:10 Then many will be led into sin, ¹⁹  and they will betray one another and hate one another. 24:11 And many false prophets will appear and deceive ²⁰  many, 24:12 and because lawlessness will increase so much, the love of many will grow cold. 24:13 But the person who endures to the end will be saved. ²¹  24:14 And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached throughout the whole inhabited earth as a testimony to all the nations, ²²  and then the end will come.

The Abomination of Desolation

24:15 “So when you see the abomination of desolation ²³  – spoken about by Daniel the prophet – standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), 24:16 then those in Judea must flee ²⁴  to the mountains. 24:17 The one on the roof ²⁵  must not come down ²⁶  to take anything out of his house, 24:18 and the one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 24:19 Woe ²⁷  to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! 24:20 Pray ²⁸  that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. 24:21 For then there will be great suffering ²⁹  unlike anything that has happened ³⁰  from the beginning of the world until now, or ever will happen. 24:22 And if those days had not been cut short, no one would be saved. But for the sake of the elect those days will be cut short.

[24:1]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[24:1]  ² sn The Jerusalem temple was widely admired around the world. See Josephus, Ant. 15.11 [15.380-425]; J. W. 5.5 [5.184-227] and Tacitus, History 5.8, who called it “immensely opulent.” Josephus compared it to a beautiful snowcapped mountain.

[24:2]  ³ tn Grk “answering, he said to them.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (ajpokriqei") is redundant in English and has not been translated.

[24:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[24:2]  ⁵ sn With the statement not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in a.d. 70.

[24:2]  ⁶ tn Grk “not one stone will be left here on another which will not be thrown down.”

[24:3]  ⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:3]  ⁸ sn Because the phrase these things is plural, more than the temple’s destruction is in view. The question may presuppose that such a catastrophe signals the end.

[24:4]  ⁹ tn Grk “answering, Jesus said to them.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.

[24:4]  ¹⁰ tn Or “Be on guard.”

[24:5]  ¹¹ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[24:6]  ¹² tn Grk “it is not yet the end.”

[24:7]  ¹³ tn For the translation “rise up in arms” see L&N 55.2.

[24:7]  ¹⁴ sn See Isa 5:13-14; 13:6-16; Hag 2:6-7; Zech 14:4.

[24:7]  ¹⁵ tc Most witnesses (C Θ 0102 Ë^1,13 Ï) have “and plagues” (καὶ λοιμοί, kai loimoi) between “famines” (λιμοί, limoi) and “earthquakes” (σεισμοί, seismoi), while others have “plagues and famines and earthquakes” (L W 33 pc lat). The similarities between λιμοί and λοιμοί could explain how καὶ λοιμοί might have accidentally dropped out, but since the Lukan parallel has both terms (and W lat have the order λοιμοὶ καὶ λιμοί there too, as they do in Matthew), it seems more likely that scribes added the phrase here. The shorter reading does not enjoy overwhelming support ([א] B D 892 pc, as well as versional witnesses), but it is nevertheless significant; coupled with the internal evidence it should be given preference.

[24:8]  ¹⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:9]  ¹⁷ tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “nations” or “Gentiles”).

[24:9]  ¹⁸ sn See Matt 5:10-12; 1 Cor 1:25-31.

[24:10]  ¹⁹ tn Or “many will fall away.” This could also refer to apostasy.

[24:11]  ²⁰ tn Or “and lead many astray.”

[24:13]  ²¹ sn But the person who endures to the end will be saved. Jesus was not claiming here that salvation is by works. He was simply arguing that genuine faith evidences itself in persistence through even the worst of trials.

[24:14]  ²² tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “nations” or “Gentiles”).

[24:15]  ²³ sn The reference to the abomination of desolation is an allusion to Dan 9:27. Though some have seen the fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy in the actions of Antiochus IV (or a representative of his) in 167 b.c., the words of Jesus seem to indicate that Antiochus was not the final fulfillment, but that there was (from Jesus’ perspective) still another fulfillment yet to come. Some argue that this was realized in a.d. 70, while others claim that it refers specifically to Antichrist and will not be fully realized until the period of the great tribulation at the end of the age (cf. Mark 13:14, 19, 24; Rev 3:10).

[24:16]  ²⁴ sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.

[24:17]  ²⁵ sn On the roof. Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.

[24:17]  ²⁶ sn The swiftness and devastation of the judgment will require a swift escape. There will be no time to come down from the roof and pick up anything from inside one’s home.

[24:19]  ²⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:20]  ²⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:21]  ²⁹ tn Traditionally, “great tribulation.”

[24:21]  ³⁰ sn Suffering unlike anything that has happened. Some refer this event to the destruction of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. While the events of a.d. 70 may reflect somewhat the comments Jesus makes here, the reference to the scope and severity of this judgment strongly suggest that much more is in view. Most likely Jesus is referring to the great end-time judgment on Jerusalem in the great tribulation.