Micah 6:8-16

6:8 He has told you, O man, what is good,

and what the Lord really wants from you: ¹ 

He wants you to ²  promote ³  justice, to be faithful, ⁴ 

and to live obediently before ⁵  your God.

6:9 Listen! The Lord is calling ⁶  to the city!

It is wise to respect your authority, O Lord! ⁷ 

Listen, O nation, and those assembled in the city! ⁸ 

6:10 “I will not overlook, ⁹  O sinful house, the dishonest gain you have hoarded away, ¹⁰ 

or the smaller-than-standard measure I hate so much. ¹¹ 

6:11 I do not condone the use of rigged scales,

or a bag of deceptive weights. ¹² 

6:12 The city’s rich men think nothing of resorting to violence; ¹³ 

her inhabitants lie, ¹⁴ 

their tongues speak deceptive words. ¹⁵ 

6:13 I will strike you brutally ¹⁶ 

and destroy you because of your sin.

6:14 You will eat, but not be satisfied.

Even if you have the strength ¹⁷  to overtake some prey, ¹⁸ 

you will not be able to carry it away; ¹⁹ 

if you do happen to carry away something,

I will deliver it over to the sword.

6:15 You will plant crops, but will not harvest them;

you will squeeze oil from the olives, ²⁰  but you will have no oil to rub on your bodies; ²¹ 

you will squeeze juice from the grapes, but you will have no wine to drink. ²² 

6:16 You implement the regulations of Omri,

and all the practices of Ahab’s dynasty; ²³ 

you follow their policies. ²⁴ 

Therefore I will make you an appalling sight, ²⁵ 

the city’s ²⁶  inhabitants will be taunted derisively, ²⁷ 

and nations will mock all of you.” ²⁸ 

[6:8]  ¹ sn What the Lord really wants from you. Now the prophet switches roles and answers the hypothetical worshiper’s question. He makes it clear that the Lord desires proper attitudes more than ritual and sacrifice.

[6:8]  ² tn Heb “except.” This statement is actually linked with what precedes, “What does he want from you except….”

[6:8]  ³ tn Heb “to do,” in the sense of “promote.”

[6:8]  ⁴ tn Heb “to love faithfulness.”

[6:8]  ⁵ tn Heb “to walk humbly [or perhaps, “carefully”] with.”

[6:9]  ⁶ tn Or “the voice of the Lord is calling.” The translation understands קוֹל (qol, “voice”) as equivalent to an imperative.

[6:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “one who sees your name is wisdom.” It is probably better to emend יִרְאֶה (yir’eh, “he sees”) to יִרְאָה (yir’ah, “fearing”). One may then translate, “fearing your name is wisdom.” The Lord’s “name” here stands by metonymy for his authority.

[6:9]  ⁸ tn Heb (apparently) “Listen [to] the staff and the one who appointed it.” Verse 10 then begins with עוֹד (yod, “still” or “again”). The translation assumes an emendation to שִׁמְעוּ מַטֶּה וּמוֹעֵד הָעִיר (shim’u matteh umo’ed ha’ir, “listen, O tribe and the assembly of the city”).

[6:10]  ⁹ tn The meaning of the first Hebrew word in the line is unclear. Possibly it is a combination of the interrogative particle and אִשׁ (’ish), an alternate form of יֵשׁ (yesh, “there is/are”). One could then translate literally, “Are there treasures of sin [in] the house of the sinful?” The translation assumes an emendation to הַאֶשֶּׁה (ha’esheh, from נָשָׁא, nasha’, “to forget”), “Will I forget?” The rhetorical question expects an answer, “No, I will not forget.”

[6:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the treasures of sin”; NASB “treasures of wickedness”; NIV “ill-gotten treasures.”

[6:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the accursed scant measure.”

[6:11]  ¹² tn Heb “Do I acquit sinful scales, and a bag of deceptive weights?” The rhetorical question expects an answer, “No, I do not,” and has been translated as a declarative statement for clarity and emphasis.

[6:12]  ¹³ tn Heb “because her rich are full of violence.”

[6:12]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “speak lies.”

[6:12]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and their tongue is deceptive in their mouth.”

[6:13]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and also I, I will make you sick, striking you.”

[6:14]  ¹⁷ tc The first Hebrew term in the line (וְיֶשְׁחֲךָ, vÿyeshkhakha) is obscure. HALOT 446 s.v. יֶשַׁח understands a noun meaning “filth,” which would yield the translation, “and your filth is inside you.” The translation assumes an emendation to כֹּחַ-וְיֶשׁ (vÿyesh-koakh, “and [if] there is strength inside you”).

[6:14]  ¹⁸ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term וְתַסֵּג (vÿtasseg) is unclear. The translation assumes it is a Hiphal imperfect from נָסַג/נָשַׂג (nasag/nasag, “reach; overtake”) and that hunting imagery is employed. (Note the reference to hunger in the first line of the verse.) See D. R. Hillers, Micah (Hermeneia), 80.

[6:14]  ¹⁹ tn The Hiphal of פָּלַט (palat) is used in Isa 5:29 of an animal carrying its prey to a secure place.

[6:15]  ²⁰ tn Heb “you will tread olives.” Literally treading on olives with one’s feet could be harmful and would not supply the necessary pressure to release the oil. See O. Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, 119. The Hebrew term דָּרַךְ (darakh) may have an idiomatic sense of “press” here, or perhaps the imagery of the following parallel line (referring to treading grapes) has dictated the word choice.

[6:15]  ²¹ tn Heb “but you will not rub yourselves with oil.”

[6:15]  ²² tn Heb “and juice, but you will not drink wine.” The verb תִדְרֹךְ (tidrokh, “you will tread”) must be supplied from the preceding line.

[6:16]  ²³ tn Heb “the edicts of Omri are kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab.”

[6:16]  ²⁴ tn Heb “and you walk in their plans.”

[6:16]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew term שַׁמָּה (shammah) can refer to “destruction; ruin,” or to the reaction it produces in those who witness the destruction.

[6:16]  ²⁶ tn Heb “her”; the referent (the city) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[6:16]  ²⁷ tn Heb “[an object] of hissing,” which was a way of taunting someone.

[6:16]  ²⁸ tc The translation assumes an emendation of the MT’s עַמִּי (’ammi, “my people”) to עַמִּים (’ammim, “nations”).