Numbers 10:5-6

10:5 When you blow an alarm, ¹  then the camps that are located ²  on the east side must begin to travel. ³  10:6 And when you blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that are located on the south side must begin to travel. ⁴  An alarm must be sounded ⁵  for their journeys.

Numbers 10:10

10:10 “Also in the time when you rejoice, such as ⁶  on your appointed festivals or ⁷  at the beginnings of your months, you must blow with your trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings, so that they may ⁸  become ⁹  a memorial for you before your God: I am the Lord your God.”

[10:5]  ¹ tn The word for an alarm is תְּרוּעָה (tÿru’ah). The root verb of this word means “to give a blast on the trumpet.” It may also on occasion mean “give a shout” in battle (Josh 6:10). In this passage it must refer to the sound of the trumpet.

[10:5]  ² tn Heb “the camps that are camping.”

[10:5]  ³ tn The perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive functions as the equivalent of the imperfect tense. Here the emphasis is on the start of the journey.

[10:6]  ⁴ tc The MT does not mention the departures of the northerly and westerly tribes. The Greek text completes the description by adding them, making a full schedule of the departure of the groups of tribes. The Greek is not likely to be original, however, since it carries all the signs of addition to complete the text, making a smooth, full reading. The MT is to be preferred; it apparently used two of the groups to give the idea.

[10:6]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew text has “they shall blow an alarm”; the sentence without a formal subject should be taken as a passive idea.

[10:10]  ⁷ tn The conjunction may be taken as explicative or epexegetical, and so rendered “namely; even; that is,” or it may be taken as emphatic conjunction, and translated “especially.”

[10:10]  ⁸ tn The vav (ו) is taken here in its alternative use and translated “or.”

[10:10]  ⁹ tn The form is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive. After the instruction imperfects, this form could be given the same nuance, or more likely, subordinated as a purpose or result clause.

[10:10]  ¹⁰ tn The verb “to be” (הָיָה, hayah) has the meaning “to become” when followed by the preposition lamed (ל).