Discovery BoxPhilippians 1:1-24
Context1:1 From Paul 1 and Timothy, slaves 2 of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, 3 with the overseers 4 and deacons. 1:2 Grace and peace to you 5 from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!
1:3 I thank my God every time I remember you. 6 1:4 I always pray with joy in my every prayer for all of you 1:5 because of your participation 7 in the gospel from the first day until now. 8 1:6 For I am sure of this very thing, 9 that the one 10 who began a good work in 11 you will perfect it 12 until the day of Christ Jesus. 1:7 For 13 it is right for me to think this about all of you, because I have you in my heart, 14 since both in my imprisonment 15 and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel all of you became partners in God’s grace 16 together with me. 1:8 For God is my witness that I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus. 1:9 And I pray this, that your love may abound even more and more in knowledge and every kind of insight 1:10 so that you can decide what is best, and thus be sincere and blameless for the day of Christ, 1:11 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ to the glory and praise of God.
1:12 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, 17 that my situation has actually turned out to advance the gospel: 18 1:13 The 19 whole imperial guard 20 and everyone else knows 21 that I am in prison 22 for the sake of Christ, 1:14 and most of the brothers and sisters, 23 having confidence in the Lord 24 because of my imprisonment, now more than ever 25 dare to speak the word 26 fearlessly.
1:15 Some, to be sure, are preaching Christ from envy and rivalry, but others from goodwill. 1:16 The latter do so from love because they know that I am placed here for the defense of the gospel. 1:17 The former proclaim Christ from selfish ambition, not sincerely, because they think they can cause trouble for me in my imprisonment. 27 1:18 What is the result? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is being proclaimed, and in this I rejoice.
Yes, 28 and I will continue to rejoice, 1:19 for I know that this will turn out for my deliverance 29 through your prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. 1:20 My confident hope 30 is that I will in no way be ashamed 31 but that with complete boldness, even now as always, Christ will be exalted in my body, whether I live or die. 32 1:21 For to me, living is Christ and dying is gain. 1:22 Now if I am to go on living in the body, 33 this will mean productive work 34 for me, yet I don’t know which I prefer: 35 1:23 I feel torn between the two, 36 because I have a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is better by far, 1:24 but it is more vital for your sake that I remain 37 in the body. 38
[1:1] 1 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
[1:1] 2 tn Traditionally, “servants” or “bondservants.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.
[1:1] 3 map For location see JP1 C1; JP2 C1; JP3 C1; JP4 C1.
[1:1] 4 sn The overseers (or “church leaders,” L&N 53.71) is another term for the same official position of leadership as the “elder.” This is seen in the interchange of the two terms in Titus 1:6-7 and in Acts 20:17, 28, as well as in the parallels between Titus 1:6-7 and 1 Tim 3:1-7.
[1:2] 5 tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.”
[1:3] 6 tn This could also be translated “for your every remembrance of me.” See discussion below.
[1:5] 7 sn Your participation (Grk “fellowship”) could refer to Paul rejoicing because of the Philippian converts’ “fellowship” in the gospel along with him, but it is more likely that this refers to their active “participation” with him in the gospel by means of the financial support they sent to Paul on more than one occasion, discussed later in this letter (4:10-19, esp. 4:15-16).
[1:5] 8 tn Several alternatives for translating vv. 3-5 are possible: (1) “I thank my God every time I remember you, yes, always in my every prayer for all of you. I pray with joy because of your participation…” (see NAB; also M. Silva, Philippians [BECNT], 43-44; G. D. Fee, Philippians [NICNT], 76-80); (2) “I thank my God because of your every remembrance of me. Always in my every prayer for all of you I pray with joy. [I am grateful] for your participation…” (see Moffatt; also P. T. O’Brien, Philippians [NIGTC], 58-61). Option (1) is quite similar to the translation above, but sees v. 4a as more or less parenthetical. Option (2) is significantly different in that Paul thanks God because the Philippians remember him rather than when he remembers them.
[1:6] 9 tn Grk “since I am sure of this very thing.” The verse begins with an adverbial participle that is dependent on the main verb in v. 3 (“I thank”). Paul here gives one reason for his thankfulness.
[1:6] 10 tn The referent is clearly God from the overall context of the paragraph and the mention of “the day of Christ Jesus” at the end, which would be redundant if Christ were referred to here.
[1:6] 12 tn The word “it” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[1:7] 13 tn Grk “Just as.” The sense here is probably, “So I give thanks (v. 3) just as it is right for me…”
[1:7] 14 tn Or possibly “because you have me in your heart.”
[1:7] 15 tn Grk “in my bonds.” The meaning “imprisonment” derives from a figurative extension of the literal meaning (“bonds,” “fetters,” “chains”), L&N 37.115.
[1:7] 16 tn The word “God’s” is supplied from the context (v. 2) to clarify the meaning.
[1:12] 17 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).
[1:12] 18 tn Grk “for the advance of the gospel.” The genitive εὐαγγελίου (euangeliou) is taken as objective.
[1:13] 19 tn Grk “so that the whole imperial guard.” The ὥστε (Jwste) clause that begins v. 13 indicates two results of the spread of the gospel: Outsiders know why Paul is imprisoned (v. 13) and believers are emboldened by his imprisonment (v. 14).
[1:13] 20 sn The whole imperial guard (Grk “praetorium”) can refer to the elite troops stationed in Rome or the headquarters of administrators in the provinces (cf. Matt 27:27; Mark 15:16; John 18:28, 33; 19:9; Acts 23:35). In either case a metonymy is involved, with the place (the praetorium) put for those (soldiers or government officials) who were connected with it or stationed in it.
[1:13] 21 tn Grk “it has become known by the whole imperial guard and all the rest.”
[1:13] 22 tn Grk “my bonds [are].”
[1:14] 23 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:12.
[1:14] 24 tn Or “most of the brothers and sisters in the Lord, having confidence.”
[1:14] 25 tn Grk “even more so.”
[1:14] 26 tc A number of significant
[1:17] 27 tn Grk “thinking to cause trouble to my bonds.”
[1:18] 28 tn Or “But.” The conjunction ἀλλά (alla) may be emphatic or contrastive. If the former, the idea may be that Paul will continue rejoicing because of the proclamation of the gospel or because of his imminent release from prison (v. 19); if the latter, Paul is now turning his attention solely to this second reason to rejoice, viz., that he will soon be released from prison. In this latter view the clause should be translated, “But I will also rejoice since I know…”
[1:19] 29 tn Or “salvation.” Deliverance from prison (i.e., release) is probably what Paul has in view here, although some take this as a reference to his ultimate release from the body, i.e., dying and being with Christ (v. 23).
[1:20] 30 tn Grk “according to my eager expectation and hope.” The κατά (kata) phrase is taken as governing the following ὅτι (Joti) clause (“that I will not be ashamed…”); the idea could be expressed more verbally as “I confidently hope that I will not be ashamed…”
[1:20] 31 tn Or possibly, “be intimidated, be put to shame.”
[1:20] 32 tn Grk “whether by life or by death.”
[1:22] 34 tn Grk “fruit of work”; the genitive ἔργου (ergou) is taken as an attributed genitive in which the head noun, καρπός (karpos), functions attributively (cf. ExSyn 89-91).
[1:22] 35 tn Grk “what I shall prefer.” The Greek verb αἱρέω (Jairew) could also mean “choose,” but in this context such a translation is problematic for it suggests that Paul could perhaps choose suicide (cf. L&N 30.86).
[1:23] 36 tn Grk “I am hard-pressed between the two.” Cf. L&N 30.18.
[1:24] 37 tn Grk “But to remain in the flesh is more necessary for you.”
