Proverbs 14:34

14:34 Righteousness exalts ¹  a nation,

but sin is a disgrace ²  to any people.

Proverbs 29:8

29:8 Scornful people ³  inflame ⁴  a city, ⁵ 

but those who are wise turn away wrath.

Genesis 41:38-42

41:38 So Pharaoh asked his officials, “Can we find a man like Joseph, ⁶  one in whom the Spirit of God is present?” ⁷  41:39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because God has enabled you to know all this, there is no one as wise and discerning ⁸  as you are! 41:40 You will oversee my household, and all my people will submit to your commands. ⁹  Only I, the king, will be greater than you. ¹⁰ 

41:41 “See here,” Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I place ¹¹  you in authority over all the land of Egypt.” ¹²  41:42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his own hand and put it on Joseph’s. He clothed him with fine linen ¹³  clothes and put a gold chain around his neck.

Genesis 45:8

45:8 So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God. He has made me an adviser ¹⁴  to Pharaoh, lord over all his household, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.

Genesis 45:2

45:2 He wept loudly; ¹⁵  the Egyptians heard it and Pharaoh’s household heard about it. ¹⁶ 

Genesis 32:20-22

32:20 You must also say, ‘In fact your servant Jacob is behind us.’” ¹⁷  Jacob thought, ¹⁸  “I will first appease him ¹⁹  by sending a gift ahead of me. ²⁰  After that I will meet him. ²¹  Perhaps he will accept me.” ²²  32:21 So the gifts were sent on ahead of him ²³  while he spent that night in the camp. ²⁴ 

32:22 During the night Jacob quickly took ²⁵  his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons ²⁶  and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. ²⁷ 

Job 22:30

22:30 he will deliver even someone who is not innocent, ²⁸ 

who will escape ²⁹  through the cleanness of your hands.”

Ecclesiastes 9:15

9:15 However, a poor but wise man lived in the city, ³⁰ 

and he could have delivered ³¹  the city by his wisdom,

but no one listened ³²  to that poor man.

[14:34]  ¹ sn The verb תְּרוֹמֵם (tÿromem, translated “exalts”) is a Polel imperfect; it means “to lift up; to raise up; to elevate.” Here the upright dealings of the leaders and the people will lift up the people. The people’s condition in that nation will be raised.

[14:34]  ² tn The term is the homonymic root II חֶסֶד (khesed, “shame; reproach”; BDB 340 s.v.), as reflected by the LXX translation. Rabbinic exegesis generally took it as I חֶסֶד (“loyal love; kindness”) as if it said, “even the kindness of some nations is a sin because they do it only for a show” (so Rashi, a Jewish scholar who lived a.d. 1040-1105).

[29:8]  ³ tn Heb “men of scorn”; NAB “Arrogant men”; ASV, NRSV “Scoffers”; NIV, NLT “Mockers.”

[29:8]  ⁴ tn The verb means “to blow; to breathe” (BDB 806 s.v. פּוּחַ). In the Hiphil imperfect its meaning here is “to excite; to inflame” a city, as in blowing up a flame or kindling a fire. It is also used with “words” in 6:19 and 12:17 – they “puff out words.” Such scornful people make dangerous situations worse, whereas the wise calm things down (e.g., 2 Sam 20).

[29:8]  ⁵ tn The term “city” is a metonymy of subject; it refers to the people in the city who can easily be set in an uproar by such scornful people.

[41:38]  ⁶ tn Heb “like this,” but the referent could be misunderstood to be a man like that described by Joseph in v. 33, rather than Joseph himself. For this reason the proper name “Joseph” has been supplied in the translation.

[41:38]  ⁷ tn The rhetorical question expects the answer “No, of course not!”

[41:39]  ⁸ tn Heb “as discerning and wise.” The order has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[41:40]  ⁹ tn Heb “and at your mouth (i.e., instructions) all my people will kiss.” G. J. Wenham translates this “shall kowtow to your instruction” (Genesis [WBC], 2:395). Although there is some textual support for reading “will be judged, ruled by you,” this is probably an attempt to capture the significance of this word. Wenham lists a number of references where individuals have tried to make connections with other words or expressions – such as a root meaning “order themselves” lying behind “kiss,” or an idiomatic idea of “kiss” meaning “seal the mouth,” and so “be silent and submit to.” See K. A. Kitchen, “The Term Nsq in Genesis 41:40,” ExpTim 69 (1957): 30; D. S. Sperling, “Genesis 41:40: A New Interpretation,” JANESCU 10 (1978): 113-19.

[41:40]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “only the throne, I will be greater than you.”

[41:41]  ¹¹ tn The translation assumes that the perfect verbal form is descriptive of a present action. Another option is to understand it as rhetorical, in which case Pharaoh describes a still future action as if it had already occurred in order to emphasize its certainty. In this case one could translate “I have placed” or “I will place.” The verb נָתַן (natan) is translated here as “to place in authority [over].”

[41:41]  ¹² sn Joseph became the grand vizier of the land of Egypt. See W. A. Ward, “The Egyptian Office of Joseph,” JSS 5 (1960): 144-50; and R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 129-31.

[41:42]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew word שֵׁשׁ (shesh) is an Egyptian loanword that describes the fine linen robes that Egyptian royalty wore. The clothing signified Joseph’s rank.

[45:8]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “a father.” The term is used here figuratively of one who gives advice, as a father would to his children.

[45:2]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and he gave his voice in weeping,” meaning that Joseph could not restrain himself and wept out loud.

[45:2]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and the Egyptians heard and the household of Pharaoh heard.” Presumably in the latter case this was by means of a report.

[32:20]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and look, your servant Jacob [is] behind us.”

[32:20]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “for he said.” The referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The Hebrew word מַקֵל (maqel), traditionally represents Jacob’s thought or reasoning, and is therefore translated “thought.”

[32:20]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “I will appease his face.” The cohortative here expresses Jacob’s resolve. In the Book of Leviticus the Hebrew verb translated “appease” has the idea of removing anger due to sin or guilt, a nuance that fits this passage very well. Jacob wanted to buy Esau off with a gift of more than five hundred and fifty animals.

[32:20]  ²⁰ tn Heb “with a gift going before me.”

[32:20]  ²¹ tn Heb “I will see his face.”

[32:20]  ²² tn Heb “Perhaps he will lift up my face.” In this context the idiom refers to acceptance.

[32:21]  ²³ tn Heb “and the gift passed over upon his face.”

[32:21]  ²⁴ tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial/temporal.

[32:22]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and he arose in that night and he took.” The first verb is adverbial, indicating that he carried out the crossing right away.

[32:22]  ²⁶ tn The Hebrew term used here is יֶלֶד (yeled) which typically describes male offspring. Some translations render the term “children” but this is a problem because by this time Jacob had twelve children in all, including one daughter, Dinah, born to Leah (Gen 30:21). Benjamin, his twelfth son and thirteenth child, was not born until later (Gen 35:16-19).

[32:22]  ²⁷ sn Hebrew narrative style often includes a summary statement of the whole passage followed by a more detailed report of the event. Here v. 22 is the summary statement, while v. 23 begins the detailed account.

[22:30]  ²⁸ tc The Hebrew has אִי־נָקִי (’i naqi), which could be taken as “island of the innocent” (so Ibn-Ezra), or “him that is not innocent” (so Rashi). But some have changed אִי (’i) to אִישׁ (’ish, “the innocent man”). Others differ: A. Guillaume links אִי (’i) to Arabic ‘ayya “whosoever,” and so leaves the text alone. M. Dahood secures the same idea from Ugaritic, but reads it אֵי (’e).

[22:30]  ²⁹ tc The MT has “he will escape [or be delivered].” Theodotion has the second person, “you will be delivered.”

[9:15]  ³⁰ tn Heb “was found in it”; the referent (the city) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:15]  ³¹ tn Or “he delivered.” The verb וּמִלַּט (umillat, from מָלַט, malat, “to deliver”) is functioning either in an indicative sense (past definite action: “he delivered”) or in a modal sense (past potential: “he could have delivered”). The literal meaning of זָכַר (zakhar, “to remember”) in the following line harmonizes with the indicative: “but no one remembered that poor man [afterward].” However, the modal is supported by v. 16: “A poor man’s wisdom is despised; no one ever listens to his advice.” This approach must nuance זָכַר (“to remember”) as “[no one] listened to [that poor man].” Most translations favor the indicative approach: “he delivered” or “he saved” (KJV, RSV, NRSV, NAB, ASV, NASB, MLB, NIV); however, some adopt the modal nuance: “he might have saved” (NEB, NJPS, NASB margin).

[9:15]  ³² tn Heb “remembered.”