Discovery BoxProverbs 5:6-23
Context5:6 Lest 1 she should make level the path leading to life, 2
her paths are unstable 3 but she does not know it. 4
5:7 So now, children, 5 listen to me;
do not turn aside from the words I speak. 6
5:8 Keep yourself 7 far 8 from her,
and do not go near the door of her house,
5:9 lest you give your vigor 9 to others
and your years to a cruel person,
5:10 lest strangers devour 10 your strength, 11
and your labor 12 benefit 13 another man’s house.
5:11 And at the end of your life 14 you will groan 15
when your flesh and your body are wasted away. 16
5:12 And you will say, “How I hated discipline!
My heart spurned reproof!
5:13 For 17 I did not obey my teachers 18
and I did not heed 19 my instructors. 20
5:14 I almost 21 came to complete ruin 22
in the midst of the whole congregation!” 23
5:15 Drink water from your own cistern
and running water from your own well. 24
5:16 Should your springs be dispersed 25 outside,
your streams of water in the wide plazas?
5:17 Let them be for yourself 26 alone,
and not for strangers with you. 27
5:18 May your fountain be blessed, 28
and may you rejoice 29 in your young wife 30 –
5:19 a loving doe, 31 a graceful deer;
may her breasts satisfy you at all times,
may you be captivated 32 by her love always.
5:20 But why should you be captivated, 33 my son, by an adulteress,
and embrace the bosom of a different woman? 34
5:21 For the ways of a person 35 are in front of the Lord’s eyes,
and the Lord 36 weighs 37 all that person’s 38 paths.
5:22 The wicked 39 will be captured by his 40 own iniquities, 41
and he will be held 42 by the cords of his own sin. 43
[5:6] 1 tn The particle פֶּן (pen) means “lest” (probably from “for the aversion of”). It occurs this once, unusually, preceding the principal clause (BDB 814 s.v.). It means that some action has been taken to avert or avoid what follows. She avoids the path of life, albeit ignorantly.
[5:6] 2 tn Heb “the path of life.” The noun חַיִּים (khayyim, “of life”) functions as a genitive of direction (“leading to”).
[5:6] 3 sn The verb נוּעַ (nua’) means “to quiver; to wave; to waver; to tremble”; cf. KJV “her ways are moveable”; NAB “her paths will ramble”; NLT “She staggers down a crooked trail.” The ways of the adulterous woman are unstable (BDB 631 s.v.).
[5:6] 4 sn The sadder part of the description is that this woman does not know how unstable her life is, or how uneven. However, Thomas suggests that it means, “she is not tranquil.” See D. W. Thomas, “A Note on לא תדע in Proverbs v 6,” JTS 37 (1936): 59.
[5:7] 6 tn Heb “the words of my mouth” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV).
[5:8] 8 sn There is a contrast made between “keep far away” (הַרְחֵק, harkheq) and “do not draw near” (וְאַל־תִּקְרַב, vÿ’al-tiqrav).
[5:9] 9 sn The term הוֹד (hod, “vigor; splendor; majesty”) in this context means the best time of one’s life (cf. NIV “your best strength”), the full manly vigor that will be wasted with licentiousness. Here it is paralleled by “years,” which refers to the best years of that vigor, the prime of life. Life would be ruined by living this way, or the revenge of the woman’s husband would cut it short.
[5:10] 10 tn Or “are sated, satisfied.”
[5:10] 11 tn The word כֹּחַ (coakh, “strength”) refers to what laborious toil would produce (so a metonymy of cause). Everything that this person worked for could become the property for others to enjoy.
[5:10] 12 tn “labor, painful toil.”
[5:10] 13 tn The term “benefit” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.
[5:11] 14 tn Heb “at your end.”
[5:11] 15 tn The form is the perfect tense with the vav consecutive; it is equal to a specific future within this context.
[5:11] 16 tn Heb “in the finishing of your flesh and your body.” The construction uses the Qal infinitive construct of כָּלָה (calah) in a temporal clause; the verb means “be complete, at an end, finished, spent.”
[5:13] 17 tn The vav that introduces this clause functions in an explanatory sense.
[5:13] 18 tn The Hebrew term מוֹרַי (moray) is the nominal form based on the Hiphil plural participle with a suffix, from the root יָרָה (yarah). The verb is “to teach,” the common noun is “instruction, law [torah],” and this participle form is teacher (“my teachers”).
[5:13] 19 sn The idioms are vivid: This expression is “incline the ear”; earlier in the first line is “listen to the voice,” meaning “obey.” Such detailed description emphasizes the importance of the material.
[5:13] 20 tn The form is the Piel plural participle of לָמַד (lamad) used substantivally.
[5:14] 21 tn The expression כִּמְעַט (kim’at) is “like a little.” It means “almost,” and is used of unrealized action (BDB 590 s.v. 2). Cf. NCV “I came close to”; NLT “I have come to the brink of.”
[5:14] 22 tn Heb “I was in all evil” (cf. KJV, ASV).
[5:14] 23 tn The text uses the two words “congregation and assembly” to form a hendiadys, meaning the entire assembly.
[5:15] 24 sn Paul Kruger develops this section as an allegory consisting of a series of metaphors. He suggests that what is at issue is private versus common property. The images of the cistern, well, or fountain are used of a wife (e.g., Song 4:15) because she, like water, satisfies desires. Streams of water in the street would then mean sexual contact with a lewd woman. According to 7:12 she never stays home but is in the streets and is the property of many (P. Kruger, “Promiscuity and Marriage Fidelity? A Note on Prov 5:15-18,” JNSL 13 [1987]: 61-68).
[5:16] 25 tn The verb means “to be scattered; to be dispersed”; here the imperfect takes a deliberative nuance in a rhetorical question.
[5:17] 26 tn The ל (lamed) preposition denotes possession: “for you” = “yours.” The term לְבַדֶּךָ (lÿvadekha) is appositional, underscoring the possession as exclusive.
[5:17] 27 sn The point is that what is private is not to be shared with strangers; it belongs in the home and in the marriage. The water from that cistern is not to be channeled to strangers or to the public.
[5:18] 28 sn The positive instruction is now given: Find pleasure in a fulfilling marriage. The “fountain” is another in the series of implied comparisons with the sexual pleasure that must be fulfilled at home. That it should be blessed (the passive participle of בָּרַךְ, barakh) indicates that sexual delight is God-given; having it blessed would mean that it would be endowed with fruitfulness, that it would fulfill all that God intended it to do.
[5:18] 29 tn The form is a Qal imperative with a vav (ו) of sequence; after the jussive of the first half this colon could be given an equivalent translation or logically subordinated.
[5:18] 30 tn Or “in the wife you married when you were young” (cf. NCV, CEV); Heb “in the wife of your youth” (so NIV, NLT). The genitive functions as an attributive adjective: “young wife” or “youthful wife.” Another possibility is that it refers to the age in which a man married his wife: “the wife you married in your youth.”
[5:19] 31 tn The construct expression “a doe of loves” is an attributive genitive, describing the doe with the word “loves.” The plural noun may be an abstract plural of intensification (but this noun only occurs in the plural). The same construction follows with a “deer of grace” – a graceful deer.
[5:19] 32 sn The verb שָׁגָה (shagah) means “to swerve; to meander; to reel” as in drunkenness; it signifies a staggering gait expressing the ecstatic joy of a captivated lover. It may also mean “to be always intoxicated with her love” (cf. NRSV).
[5:20] 33 tn In the interrogative clause the imperfect has a deliberative nuance.
[5:20] 34 tn Heb “foreigner” (so ASV, NASB), but this does not mean that the woman is non-Israelite. This term describes a woman who is outside the moral boundaries of the covenant community – she is another man’s wife, but since she acts with moral abandonment she is called “foreign.”
[5:21] 36 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[5:21] 37 tn BDB 814 s.v. פָּלַס 2 suggests that the participle מְפַּלֵּס (mÿpalles) means “to make level [or, straight].” As one’s ways are in front of the eyes of the
[5:21] 38 tn Heb “all his”; the referent (the person mentioned in the first half of the verse) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:22] 39 tn The suffix on the verb is the direct object suffix; “the wicked” is a second object by apposition: They capture him, the wicked. Since “the wicked” is not found in the LXX, it could be an old scribal error; or the Greek translator may have simply smoothed out the sentence. C. H. Toy suggests turning the sentence into a passive idea: “The wicked will be caught in his iniquities” (Proverbs [ICC], 117).
[5:22] 40 tn The word is the subject of the clause, but the pronominal suffix has no clear referent. The suffix is proleptic, referring to the wicked.
[5:22] 41 tn Heb “his own iniquities will capture the wicked.” The translation shifts the syntax for the sake of smoothness and readability.
[5:22] 42 sn The lack of discipline and control in the area of sexual gratification is destructive. The one who plays with this kind of sin will become ensnared by it and led to ruin.
[5:22] 43 tn The Hebrew is structured chiastically: “his own iniquities will capture the wicked, by the cords of his own sin will he be held.”
[5:23] 44 tn The preposition בּ (bet) is used in a causal sense: “because” (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV).
[5:23] 45 sn The word אִוַּלְתּוֹ (’ivvalto, “his folly”) is from the root אול and is related to the noun אֶוִיל (’evil, “foolish; fool”). The noun אִוֶּלֶת (’ivvelet, “folly”) describes foolish and destructive activity. It lacks understanding, destroys what wisdom builds, and leads to destruction if it is not corrected.
[5:23] 46 sn The verb שָׁגָה (shagah, “to swerve; to reel”) is repeated in a negative sense. If the young man is not captivated by his wife but is captivated with a stranger in sinful acts, then his own iniquities will captivate him and he will be led to ruin.
