Psalms 49:14

49:14 They will travel to Sheol like sheep, ¹ 

with death as their shepherd. ² 

The godly will rule ³  over them when the day of vindication dawns; ⁴ 

Sheol will consume their bodies and they will no longer live in impressive houses. ⁵ 

Matthew 19:28

19:28 Jesus ⁶  said to them, “I tell you the truth: ⁷  In the age when all things are renewed, ⁸  when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging ⁹  the twelve tribes of Israel.

Matthew 19:1

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19:1 Now when ¹⁰  Jesus finished these sayings, he left Galilee and went to the region of Judea beyond the Jordan River. ¹¹ 

Colossians 1:2-3

1:2 to the saints, the faithful ¹²  brothers and sisters ¹³  in Christ, at Colossae. Grace and peace to you ¹⁴  from God our Father! ¹⁵ 

Paul’s Thanksgiving and Prayer for the Church

1:3 We always ¹⁶  give thanks to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you,

Revelation 2:26-27

2:26 And to the one who conquers ¹⁷  and who continues in ¹⁸  my deeds until the end, I will give him authority over the nations ¹⁹  –

2:27 he ²⁰  will rule ²¹  them with an iron rod ²² 

and like clay jars he will break them to pieces, ²³ 

Revelation 3:21

3:21 I will grant the one ²⁴  who conquers ²⁵  permission ²⁶  to sit with me on my throne, just as I too conquered ²⁷  and sat down with my Father on his throne.

Revelation 4:4

4:4 In ²⁸  a circle around the throne were twenty-four other thrones, and seated on those thrones were twenty-four elders. They were ²⁹  dressed in white clothing and had golden crowns ³⁰  on their heads.

[49:14]  ¹ tn Heb “like sheep to Sheol they are appointed.” The verb form שַׁתּוּ (shatu) is apparently derived from שָׁתַת (shatat), which appears to be a variant of the more common שִׁית (shiyt, “to place; to set”; BDB 1060 s.v. שָׁתַת and GKC 183 §67.ee). Some scholars emend the text to שָׁחוּ (shakhu; from the verbal root שׁוּח [shukh, “sink down”]) and read “they descend.” The present translation assumes an emendation to שָׁטוּ (shatu; from the verbal root שׁוּט [shut, “go; wander”]), “they travel, wander.” (The letter tet [ט] and tav [ת] sound similar; a scribe transcribing from dictation could easily confuse them.) The perfect verbal form is used in a rhetorical manner to speak of their destiny as if it were already realized (the so-called perfect of certitude or prophetic perfect).

[49:14]  ² tn Heb “death will shepherd them,” that is, death itself (personified here as a shepherd) will lead them like a flock of helpless, unsuspecting sheep to Sheol, the underworld, the land of the dead.

[49:14]  ³ tn The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive carries the same force as the perfect verbal form in v. 14a. The psalmist speaks of this coming event as if it were already accomplished.

[49:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “will rule over them in the morning.” “Morning” here is a metaphor for a time of deliverance and vindication after the dark “night” of trouble (see Pss 30:5; 46:5; 59:16; 90:14; 143:8; Isa 17:14). In this context the psalmist confidently anticipates a day of vindication when the Lord will deliver the oppressed from the rich (see v. 15) and send the oppressors to Sheol.

[49:14]  ⁵ tn Heb “their form [will become an object] for the consuming of Sheol, from a lofty residence, to him.” The meaning of this syntactically difficult text is uncertain. The translation assumes that צוּר (tsur, “form”; this is the Qere [marginal] reading; the Kethib has צִירָם [tsiram, “their image”]) refers to their physical form or bodies. “Sheol” is taken as the subject of “consume” (on the implied “become” before the infinitive “to consume” see GKC 349 §114.k). The preposition מִן (min) prefixed to “lofty residence” is understood as privative, “away from; so as not.” The preposition -ל (lamed) is possessive, while the third person pronominal suffix is understood as a representative singular.

[19:28]  ⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[19:28]  ⁷ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[19:28]  ⁸ sn The Greek term translated the age when all things are renewed (παλιγγενεσία, palingenesia) is understood as a reference to the Messianic age, the time when all things are renewed and restored (cf. Rev 21:5).

[19:28]  ⁹ sn The statement you…will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel looks at the future authority the Twelve will have when Jesus returns. They will share in Israel’s judgment.

[19:1]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “it happened when.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[19:1]  ¹¹ tn “River” is not in the Greek text but is supplied for clarity. The region referred to here is sometimes known as Transjordan (i.e., “across the Jordan”).

[1:2]  ¹² tn Grk “and faithful.” The construction in Greek (as well as Paul’s style) suggests that the saints are identical to the faithful; hence, the καί (kai) is best left untranslated (cf. Eph 1:1). See ExSyn 281-82.

[1:2]  ¹³ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).

[1:2]  ¹⁴ tn Or “Grace to you and peace.”

[1:2]  ¹⁵ tc Most witnesses, including some important ones (א A C F G I [P] 075 Ï it bo), read “and the Lord Jesus Christ” at the end of this verse, no doubt to conform the wording to the typical Pauline salutation. However, excellent and early witnesses (B D K L Ψ 33 81 1175 1505 1739 1881 al sa) lack this phrase. Since the omission is inexplicable as arising from the longer reading (otherwise, these mss would surely have deleted the phrase in the rest of the corpus Paulinum), it is surely authentic.

[1:3]  ¹⁶ tn The adverb πάντοτε (pantote) is understood to modify the indicative εὐχαριστοῦμεν (eucaristoumen) because it precedes περὶ ὑμῶν (peri Jumwn) which probably modifies the indicative and not the participle προσευχόμενοι (proseucomenoi). But see 1:9 where the same expression occurs and περὶ ὑμῶν modifies the participle “praying” (προσευχόμενοι).

[2:26]  ¹⁷ tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”

[2:26]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “keeps.” In a context that speaks of “holding on to what you have,” the idea here is one of continued faithful behavior (BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 3 has “ὁ τηρῶν τὰ ἔργα μου the one who takes my deeds to heart Rv 2:26”).

[2:26]  ¹⁹ tn Or “over the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

[2:27]  ²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[2:27]  ²¹ tn Grk “will shepherd.”

[2:27]  ²² tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

[2:27]  ²³ sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (with the line introducing the quotation containing a partial allusion to Ps 2:8). See also Rev 12:5, 19:15.

[3:21]  ²⁴ tn Grk “The one who conquers, to him I will grant.”

[3:21]  ²⁵ tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”

[3:21]  ²⁶ tn Grk “I will give [grant] to him.”

[3:21]  ²⁷ tn Or “have been victorious”; traditionally, “have overcome.”

[4:4]  ²⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[4:4]  ²⁹ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were” to indicate the connection to the preceding material.

[4:4]  ³⁰ sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.