Discovery BoxPsalms 105:17-45
Context105:17 He sent a man ahead of them 1 –
Joseph was sold as a servant.
105:18 The shackles hurt his feet; 2
his neck was placed in an iron collar, 3
105:19 until the time when his prediction 4 came true.
The Lord’s word 5 proved him right. 6
105:20 The king authorized his release; 7
the ruler of nations set him free.
105:21 He put him in charge of his palace, 8
and made him manager of all his property,
105:22 giving him authority to imprison his officials 9
and to teach his advisers. 10
105:23 Israel moved to 11 Egypt;
Jacob lived for a time 12 in the land of Ham.
105:24 The Lord 13 made his people very fruitful,
and made them 14 more numerous than their 15 enemies.
105:25 He caused them 16 to hate his people,
and to mistreat 17 his servants.
105:26 He sent his servant Moses,
and Aaron, whom he had chosen.
105:27 They executed his miraculous signs among them, 18
and his amazing deeds in the land of Ham.
they did not disobey his orders. 20
105:29 He turned their water into blood,
and killed their fish.
105:30 Their land was overrun by frogs,
which even got into the rooms of their kings.
105:31 He ordered flies to come; 21
gnats invaded their whole territory.
105:32 He sent hail along with the rain; 22
there was lightning in their land. 23
105:33 He destroyed their vines and fig trees,
and broke the trees throughout their territory.
105:34 He ordered locusts to come, 24
innumerable grasshoppers.
105:35 They ate all the vegetation in their land,
and devoured the crops of their fields. 25
105:36 He struck down all the firstborn in their land,
the firstfruits of their reproductive power. 26
105:37 He brought his people 27 out enriched 28 with silver and gold;
none of his tribes stumbled.
105:38 Egypt was happy when they left,
for they were afraid of them. 29
105:39 He spread out a cloud for a cover, 30
and provided a fire to light up the night.
105:40 They asked for food, 31 and he sent quails;
he satisfied them with food from the sky. 32
105:41 He opened up a rock and water flowed out;
a river ran through dry regions.
105:42 Yes, 33 he remembered the sacred promise 34
he made to Abraham his servant.
105:43 When he led his people out, they rejoiced;
his chosen ones shouted with joy. 35
105:44 He handed the territory of nations over to them,
and they took possession of what other peoples had produced, 36
105:45 so that they might keep his commands
and obey 37 his laws.
Praise the Lord!
[105:17] 1 tn After the reference to the famine in v. 16, v. 17 flashes back to events that preceded the famine (see Gen 37).
[105:18] 2 tn Heb “they afflicted his feet with shackles.”
[105:18] 3 tn Heb “his neck came [into] iron.” The Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) with the suffix could mean simply “he” or “his life.” But the nuance “neck” makes good sense here (note the reference to his “feet” in the preceding line). See L. C. Allen, Psalms 101-150 (WBC), 38.
[105:19] 4 tn Heb “word,” probably referring to Joseph’s prediction about the fate of Pharaoh’s cupbearer and baker (see Gen 41:9-14).
[105:19] 5 tn This line may refer to Joseph’s prediction of the famine in response to Pharaoh’s dream. Joseph emphasized to Pharaoh that the interpretation of the dream came from God (see Gen 41:16, 25, 28, 32, 39).
[105:19] 6 tn Heb “refined him.”
[105:20] 7 tn Heb “[the] king sent and set him free.”
[105:21] 8 tn Heb “he made him master of his house.”
[105:22] 9 tn Heb “to bind his officials by his will.”
[105:22] 10 tn Heb “and his elders he taught wisdom.”
[105:23] 12 tn Heb “lived as a resident alien.”
[105:24] 13 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the
[105:24] 14 tn Heb “him,” referring to “his people.”
[105:24] 15 tn Heb “his,” referring to “his people.”
[105:25] 16 tn Heb “their heart.”
[105:25] 17 tn Or “to deal deceptively.” The Hitpael of נָכַל (nakhal) occurs only here and in Gen 37:18, where it is used of Joseph’s brothers “plotting” to kill him.
[105:27] 18 tn Apparently the pronoun refers to “his servants” (i.e., the Israelites, see v. 25).
[105:28] 19 tn Heb “he sent darkness and made it dark.”
[105:28] 20 tn Heb “they did not rebel against his words.” Apparently this refers to Moses and Aaron, who obediently carried out God’s orders.
[105:31] 21 tn Heb “he spoke and flies came.”
[105:32] 22 tn Heb “he gave their rains hail.”
[105:32] 23 tn Heb “fire of flames [was] in their land.”
[105:34] 24 tn Heb “he spoke and locusts came.”
[105:35] 25 tn Heb “the fruit of their ground.”
[105:36] 26 tn Heb “the beginning of all their strength,” that is, reproductive power (see Ps 78:51).
[105:37] 27 tn Heb “them”; the referent (the
[105:37] 28 tn The word “enriched” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[105:38] 29 tn Heb “for fear of them had fallen upon them.”
[105:40] 31 tn Heb “he [i.e., his people] asked.” The singular form should probably be emended to a plural שָׁאֲלוּ (sha’alu, “they asked”), the vav (ו) having fallen off by haplography (note the vav at the beginning of the following form).
[105:40] 32 tn Or “bread of heaven.” The reference is to manna (see Exod 16:4, 13-15).
[105:42] 34 tn Heb “his holy word.”
[105:43] 35 tn Heb “and he led his people out with joy, with a ringing cry, his chosen ones.”
[105:44] 36 tn Heb “and the [product of the] work of peoples they possessed.”
