Psalms 109:5

109:5 They repay me evil for good, ¹ 

and hate for love.

Psalms 38:20

38:20 They repay me evil for the good I have done;

though I have tried to do good to them, they hurl accusations at me. ² 

Psalms 35:12

35:12 They repay me evil for the good I have done; ³ 

I am overwhelmed with sorrow. ⁴ 

Psalms 66:17

66:17 I cried out to him for help ⁵ 

and praised him with my tongue. ⁶ 

Psalms 106:42

106:42 Their enemies oppressed them;

they were subject to their authority. ⁷ 

Psalms 109:4

109:4 They repay my love with accusations, ⁸ 

but I continue to pray. ⁹ 

Psalms 8:6

8:6 you appoint them to rule over your creation; ¹⁰ 

you have placed ¹¹  everything under their authority, ¹² 

Psalms 18:9

18:9 He made the sky sink ¹³  as he descended;

a thick cloud was under his feet.

Psalms 18:38

18:38 I beat them ¹⁴  to death; ¹⁵ 

they fall at my feet. ¹⁶ 

Psalms 47:3

47:3 He subdued nations beneath us ¹⁷ 

and countries ¹⁸  under our feet.

Psalms 10:7

10:7 His mouth is full of curses and deceptive, harmful words; ¹⁹ 

his tongue injures and destroys. ²⁰ 

Psalms 45:16

45:16 Your ²¹  sons will carry ²²  on the dynasty of your ancestors; ²³ 

you will make them princes throughout the land.

Psalms 140:3

140:3 Their tongues wound like a serpent; ²⁴ 

a viper’s ²⁵  venom is behind ²⁶  their lips. (Selah)

[109:5]  ¹ tn Heb “and they set upon me evil in place of good.”

[38:20]  ² tn Heb “the ones who repay evil instead of good accuse me, instead of my pursuing good.”

[35:12]  ³ tn Heb “they repay me evil instead of good.”

[35:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “[there is] bereavement to my soul.”

[66:17]  ⁴ tn Heb “to him [with] my mouth I called.”

[66:17]  ⁵ tn Heb “and he was extolled under my tongue.” The form רוֹמַם (romam) appears to be a polal (passive) participle from רוּם (rum, “be exalted”), but many prefer to read רוֹמָם, “high praise [was under my tongue]” (cf. NEB). See BDB 928 s.v. רוֹמָם.

[106:42]  ⁵ tn Heb “they were subdued under their hand.”

[109:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “in place of my love they oppose me.”

[109:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “and I, prayer.”

[8:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “you cause [i.e., “permit, allow”] him to rule over the works of your hands.”

[8:6]  ⁸ tn The perfect verbal form probably has a present perfect nuance here. It refers to the continuing effects of God’s original mandate (see Gen 1:26-30).

[8:6]  ⁹ tn Heb “under his feet.”

[18:9]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew verb נָטָה (natah) can carry the sense “[cause to] bend, bow down.” For example, Gen 49:15 pictures Issachar as a donkey that “bends” its shoulder or back under a burden. Here the Lord causes the sky, pictured as a dome or vault, to sink down as he descends in the storm.

[18:38]  ⁹ tn Or “smash them.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “and I wiped them out and smashed them.”

[18:38]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “until they are unable to rise.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “until they do not rise.”

[18:38]  ¹¹ sn They fall at my feet. For ancient Near Eastern parallels, see O. Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World, 294-97.

[47:3]  ¹⁰ tn On the meaning of the verb דָּבַר (davar, “subdue”), a homonym of דָּבַר (“speak”), see HALOT 209-10 s.v. I דבר. See also Ps 18:47 and 2 Chr 22:10. The preterite form of the verb suggests this is an historical reference and the next verse, which mentions the gift of the land, indicates that the conquest under Joshua is in view.

[47:3]  ¹¹ tn Or “peoples” (see Pss 2:1; 7:7; 9:8; 44:2).

[10:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “[with] a curse his mouth is full, and lies and injury.”

[10:7]  ¹² tn Heb “under his tongue are destruction and wickedness.” The words translated “destruction and wickedness” are also paired in Ps 90:10. They also appear in proximity in Pss 7:14 and 55:10.

[45:16]  ¹² tn The pronoun is second masculine singular, indicating the king is being addressed from this point to the end of the psalm.

[45:16]  ¹³ tn The prefixed verbal form could be taken as jussive and the statement interpreted as a prayer, “May your sons carry on the dynasty of your ancestors!” The next line could then be taken as a relative clause, “[your sons] whom you will make princes throughout the land.”

[45:16]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “in place of your fathers will be your sons.”

[140:3]  ¹³ tn Heb “they sharpen their tongue like a serpent.” Ps 64:3 reads, “they sharpen their tongues like sword.” Perhaps Ps 140:3 uses a mixed metaphor, the point being that “they sharpen their tongues [like a sword],” as it were, so that when they speak, their words wound like a serpent’s bite. Another option is that the language refers to the pointed or forked nature of a serpent’s tongue, which is viewed metaphorically as “sharpened.”

[140:3]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew term is used only here in the OT.

[140:3]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “under.”