Discovery BoxPsalms 119:45-176
Contextfor I seek your precepts.
119:46 I will speak 2 about your regulations before kings
and not be ashamed.
119:47 I will find delight in your commands,
which I love.
119:48 I will lift my hands to 3 your commands,
which I love,
and I will meditate on your statutes.
ז (Zayin)
119:49 Remember your word to your servant,
for you have given me hope.
119:50 This 4 is what comforts me in my trouble,
for your promise revives me. 5
119:51 Arrogant people do nothing but scoff at me. 6
Yet I do not turn aside from your law.
119:52 I remember your ancient regulations, 7
O Lord, and console myself. 8
119:53 Rage takes hold of me because of the wicked,
those who reject your law.
119:54 Your statutes have been my songs 9
in the house where I live. 10
119:55 I remember your name during the night, O Lord,
and I will keep 11 your law.
119:56 This 12 has been my practice,
for I observe your precepts.
ח (Khet)
119:57 The Lord is my source of security. 13
I have determined 14 to follow your instructions. 15
119:58 I seek your favor 16 with all my heart.
Have mercy on me as you promised! 17
119:59 I consider my actions 18
and follow 19 your rules.
119:60 I keep your commands
eagerly and without delay. 20
119:61 The ropes of the wicked tighten around 21 me,
but I do not forget your law.
119:62 In the middle of the night I arise 22 to thank you
for your just regulations.
119:63 I am a friend to all your loyal followers, 23
and to those who keep your precepts.
119:64 O Lord, your loyal love fills the earth.
Teach me your statutes!
ט (Tet)
119:65 You are good 24 to your servant,
O Lord, just as you promised. 25
119:66 Teach me proper discernment 26 and understanding!
For I consider your commands to be reliable. 27
119:67 Before I was afflicted I used to stray off, 28
but now I keep your instructions. 29
119:68 You are good and you do good.
Teach me your statutes!
119:69 Arrogant people smear my reputation with lies, 30
but I observe your precepts with all my heart.
119:70 Their hearts are calloused, 31
but I find delight in your law.
119:71 It was good for me to suffer,
so that I might learn your statutes.
119:72 The law you have revealed is more important to me
than thousands of pieces of gold and silver. 32
י (Yod)
119:73 Your hands made me and formed me. 33
Give me understanding so that I might learn 34 your commands.
119:74 Your loyal followers will be glad when they see me, 35
for I find hope in your word.
119:75 I know, Lord, that your regulations 36 are just.
You disciplined me because of your faithful devotion to me. 37
119:76 May your loyal love console me,
as you promised your servant. 38
119:77 May I experience your compassion, 39 so I might live!
For I find delight in your law.
119:78 May the arrogant be humiliated, for they have slandered me! 40
But I meditate on your precepts.
119:79 May your loyal followers 41 turn to me,
those who know your rules.
119:80 May I be fully committed to your statutes, 42
so that I might not be ashamed.
כ (Kaf)
119:81 I desperately long for 43 your deliverance.
I find hope in your word.
119:82 My eyes grow tired as I wait for your promise to be fulfilled. 44
I say, 45 “When will you comfort me?”
119:83 For 46 I am like a wineskin 47 dried up in smoke. 48
I do not forget your statutes.
119:84 How long must your servant endure this? 49
When will you judge those who pursue me?
119:85 The arrogant dig pits to trap me, 50
which violates your law. 51
119:86 All your commands are reliable.
I am pursued without reason. 52 Help me!
119:87 They have almost destroyed me here on the earth,
but I do not reject your precepts.
119:88 Revive me with 53 your loyal love,
that I might keep 54 the rules you have revealed. 55
ל (Lamed)
119:89 O Lord, your instructions endure;
they stand secure in heaven. 56
119:90 You demonstrate your faithfulness to all generations. 57
You established the earth and it stood firm.
119:91 Today they stand firm by your decrees,
for all things are your servants.
119:92 If I had not found encouragement in your law, 58
I would have died in my sorrow. 59
119:93 I will never forget your precepts,
for by them you have revived me.
119:94 I belong to you. Deliver me!
For I seek your precepts.
119:95 The wicked prepare to kill me, 60
yet I concentrate on your rules.
119:96 I realize that everything has its limits,
but your commands are beyond full comprehension. 61
מ (Mem)
119:97 O how I love your law!
All day long I meditate on it.
119:98 Your commandments 62 make me wiser than my enemies,
for I am always aware of them.
119:99 I have more insight than all my teachers,
for I meditate on your rules.
119:100 I am more discerning than those older than I,
for I observe your precepts.
119:101 I stay away 63 from the evil path,
so that I might keep your instructions. 64
119:102 I do not turn aside from your regulations,
for you teach me.
119:103 Your words are sweeter
in my mouth than honey! 65
119:104 Your precepts give me discernment.
Therefore I hate all deceitful actions. 66
נ (Nun)
119:105 Your word 67 is a lamp to walk by,
and a light to illumine my path. 68
119:106 I have vowed and solemnly sworn
to keep your just regulations.
119:107 I am suffering terribly.
O Lord, revive me with your word! 69
119:108 O Lord, please accept the freewill offerings of my praise! 70
Teach me your regulations!
119:109 My life is in continual danger, 71
but I do not forget your law.
119:110 The wicked lay a trap for me,
but I do not wander from your precepts.
119:111 I claim your rules as my permanent possession,
for they give me joy. 72
119:112 I am determined to obey 73 your statutes
at all times, to the very end.
ס (Samek)
119:113 I hate people with divided loyalties, 74
but I love your law.
119:114 You are my hiding place and my shield.
I find hope in your word.
119:115 Turn away from me, you evil men,
so that I can observe 75 the commands of my God. 76
119:116 Sustain me as you promised, 77 so that I will live. 78
Do not disappoint me! 79
119:117 Support me, so that I will be delivered.
Then I will focus 80 on your statutes continually.
119:118 You despise 81 all who stray from your statutes,
for they are deceptive and unreliable. 82
119:119 You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag. 83
Therefore I love your rules. 84
119:120 My body 85 trembles 86 because I fear you; 87
I am afraid of your judgments.
ע (Ayin)
119:121 I do what is fair and right. 88
Do not abandon me to my oppressors!
119:122 Guarantee the welfare of your servant! 89
Do not let the arrogant oppress me!
119:123 My eyes grow tired as I wait for your deliverance, 90
for your reliable promise to be fulfilled. 91
119:124 Show your servant your loyal love! 92
Teach me your statutes!
119:125 I am your servant. Give me insight,
so that I can understand 93 your rules.
119:126 It is time for the Lord to act –
they break your law!
119:127 For this reason 94 I love your commands
more than gold, even purest gold.
119:128 For this reason I carefully follow all your precepts. 95
I hate all deceitful actions. 96
פ (Pe)
119:129 Your rules are marvelous.
Therefore I observe them.
119:130 Your instructions are a doorway through which light shines. 97
They give 98 insight to the untrained. 99
119:131 I open my mouth and pant,
because I long 100 for your commands.
119:132 Turn toward me and extend mercy to me,
as you typically do to your loyal followers. 101
119:133 Direct my steps by your word! 102
Do not let any sin dominate me!
119:134 Deliver me 103 from oppressive men,
so that I can keep 104 your precepts.
119:135 Smile 105 on your servant!
Teach me your statutes!
119:136 Tears stream down from my eyes, 106
because people 107 do not keep your law.
צ (Tsade)
119:137 You are just, O Lord,
and your judgments are fair.
119:138 The rules you impose are just, 108
and absolutely reliable.
119:139 My zeal 109 consumes 110 me,
for my enemies forget your instructions. 111
119:140 Your word is absolutely pure,
and your servant loves it!
119:141 I am insignificant and despised,
yet I do not forget your precepts.
119:142 Your justice endures, 112
and your law is reliable. 113
119:143 Distress and hardship confront 114 me,
yet I find delight in your commands.
119:144 Your rules remain just. 115
Give me insight so that I can live. 116
ק (Qof)
119:145 I cried out with all my heart, “Answer me, O Lord!
I will observe your statutes.”
119:146 I cried out to you, “Deliver me,
so that I can keep 117 your rules.”
119:147 I am up before dawn crying for help.
I find hope in your word.
119:148 My eyes anticipate the nighttime hours,
so that I can meditate on your word.
119:149 Listen to me 118 because of 119 your loyal love!
O Lord, revive me, as you typically do! 120
119:150 Those who are eager to do 121 wrong draw near;
they are far from your law.
119:151 You are near, O Lord,
and all your commands are reliable. 122
119:152 I learned long ago that
you ordained your rules to last. 123
ר (Resh)
119:153 See my pain and rescue me!
For I do not forget your law.
119:154 Fight for me 124 and defend me! 125
Revive me with your word!
119:155 The wicked have no chance for deliverance, 126
for they do not seek your statutes.
119:156 Your compassion is great, O Lord.
Revive me, as you typically do! 127
119:157 The enemies who chase me are numerous. 128
Yet I do not turn aside from your rules.
119:158 I take note of the treacherous and despise them,
because they do not keep your instructions. 129
119:159 See how I love your precepts!
O Lord, revive me with your loyal love!
119:160 Your instructions are totally reliable;
all your just regulations endure. 130
שׂ/שׁ (Sin/Shin)
119:161 Rulers pursue me for no reason,
yet I am more afraid of disobeying your instructions. 131
119:162 I rejoice in your instructions,
like one who finds much plunder. 132
119:163 I hate and despise deceit;
I love your law.
119:164 Seven 133 times a day I praise you
because of your just regulations.
119:165 Those who love your law are completely secure; 134
nothing causes them to stumble. 135
119:166 I hope for your deliverance, O Lord,
and I obey 136 your commands.
119:167 I keep your rules;
I love them greatly.
119:168 I keep your precepts and rules,
for you are aware of everything I do. 137
ת (Tav)
119:169 Listen to my cry for help, 138 O Lord!
Give me insight by your word!
119:170 Listen to my appeal for mercy! 139
Deliver me, as you promised. 140
119:171 May praise flow freely from my lips,
for you teach me your statutes.
119:172 May my tongue sing about your instructions, 141
for all your commands are just.
119:173 May your hand help me,
for I choose to obey 142 your precepts.
119:174 I long for your deliverance, O Lord;
I find delight in your law.
119:175 May I 143 live and praise you!
May your regulations help me! 144
119:176 I have wandered off like a lost sheep. 145
Come looking for your servant,
for I do not forget your commands.
[119:45] 1 tn Heb “and I will walk about in a wide place.” The cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) conjunctive gives a further consequence of the anticipated positive divine response (see vv. 43-44). Another option is to take the cohortative as expressing the psalmist’s request. In this case one could translate, “and please give me security.”
[119:46] 2 tn The series of four cohortatives with prefixed vav (ו) conjunctive in vv. 46-48 list further consequences of the anticipated positive divine response to the request made in v. 43.
[119:48] 3 tn Lifting the hands is often associated with prayer (Pss 28:2; 63:4; Lam 2:19). (1) Because praying to God’s law borders on the extreme, some prefer to emend the text to “I lift up my hands to you,” eliminating “your commands, which I love” as dittographic. In this view these words were accidentally repeated from the previous verse. (2) However, it is possible that the psalmist closely associates the law with God himself because he views the law as the expression of the divine will. (3) Another option is that “lifting the hands” does not refer to prayer here, but to the psalmist’s desire to receive and appropriate the law. (4) Still others understand this to be an action praising God’s commands (so NCV; cf. TEV, CEV, NLT).
[119:50] 4 tn The demonstrative “this” refers back to the hope just mentioned or forward to the statement in the second line concerning the promise’s power to revive. See the note on the word “me” at the end of the verse for further discussion.
[119:50] 5 tn The hope generated by the promise (see v. 49b) brings comfort because (note “for” at the beginning of the line) the promise revives the psalmist’s spirits. Another option is to take כִּי (ki) at the beginning of the second line in the sense of “that,” in which case “this” refers to the promise’s power to revive.
[119:51] 6 tn Heb “scoff at me to excess.”
[119:52] 7 tn Heb “I remember your regulations from of old.” The prepositional phrase “from of old” apparently modifies “your regulations,” alluding to the fact that God revealed them to Israel in the distant past. Another option is to understand the prepositional phrase as modifying the verb, in which case one might translate, “I have long remembered your regulations.”
[119:52] 8 tn Or “find comfort.”
[119:54] 9 tn Heb “songs were your statutes to me.”
[119:54] 10 tn Heb “in the house of my dwelling place.” Some take the Hebrew noun מָגוֹר (magor) in the sense of “temporary abode,” and see this as a reference to the psalmist’s status as a resident alien (see v. 19). But the noun can refer to a dwelling place in general (see Ps 55:15).
[119:55] 11 tn The cohortative verbal form expresses the psalmist’s resolve to obey the law.
[119:56] 12 tn Heb “this has been to me.” The demonstrative “this” (1) refers back to the practices mentioned in vv. 54-55, or (2) looks forward to the statement in the second line, in which case the כִּי (ki) at the beginning of the second line should be translated “that.”
[119:57] 13 tn Heb “my portion [is] the
[119:57] 15 tn Heb “to keep your words” (see v. 9).
[119:58] 16 tn Heb “I appease your face.”
[119:58] 17 tn Heb “according to your word.”
[119:59] 19 tn Heb “and I turn my feet toward.”
[119:60] 20 tn Heb “I hurry and I do not delay to keep your commands.”
[119:61] 21 tn Heb “surround.”
[119:62] 22 tn The psalmist uses an imperfect verbal form to emphasize that this is his continuing practice.
[119:63] 23 tn Heb “to all who fear you.”
[119:65] 25 tn Heb “according to your word.”
[119:66] 26 tn Heb “goodness of taste.” Here “taste” refers to moral and ethical discernment.
[119:66] 27 tn Heb “for I believe in your commands.”
[119:67] 28 tn Heb “before I suffered, I was straying off.”
[119:67] 29 tn Heb “your word.”
[119:69] 30 tn Heb “smear over me a lie.”
[119:70] 31 tn Heb “their heart is insensitive like fat.”
[119:72] 32 tn Heb “better to me [is] the law of your mouth than thousands of gold and silver.”
[119:73] 33 tn Heb “made me and established me.” The two verbs also appear together in Deut 32:6, where God, compared to a father, is said to have “made and established” Israel.
[119:73] 34 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:74] 35 tn Heb “those who fear you will see me and rejoice.”
[119:75] 36 tn In this context (note the second line) the Hebrew term מִשְׁפָּטִים (mishpatim), which so often refers to the regulations of God’s law elsewhere in this psalm, may refer instead to his decisions or disciplinary judgment.
[119:75] 37 tn Heb “and [in] faithfulness you afflicted me.”
[119:76] 38 tn Heb “according to your word to your servant.”
[119:77] 39 tn Heb “and may your compassion come to me.”
[119:78] 40 tn Heb “for [with] falsehood they have denied me justice.”
[119:79] 41 tn Heb “those who fear you.”
[119:80] 42 tn Heb “may my heart be complete in your statutes.”
[119:81] 43 tn Heb “my soul pines for.” See Ps 84:2.
[119:82] 44 tn Heb “my eyes fail for your word.” The psalmist has intently kept his eyes open, looking for God to intervene, but now his eyes are watery and bloodshot, impairing his vision. See Ps 69:3.
[119:83] 46 tn Or “even though.”
[119:83] 47 tn The Hebrew word נֹאד (no’d, “leather container”) refers to a container made from animal skin which is used to hold wine or milk (see Josh 9:4, 13; Judg 4:19; 1 Sam 16:20).
[119:83] 48 tn Heb “in the smoke.”
[119:84] 49 tn Heb “How long are the days of your servant?”
[119:85] 51 tn Heb “which [is] not according to your law.”
[119:86] 52 sn God’s commands are a reliable guide to right and wrong. By keeping them the psalmist is doing what is right, yet he is still persecuted.
[119:88] 53 tn Heb “according to.”
[119:88] 54 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:88] 55 tn Heb “of your mouth.”
[119:89] 56 tn Heb “Forever, O
[119:90] 57 tn Heb “to a generation and a generation [is] your faithfulness.”
[119:92] 58 tn Heb “if your law had not been my delight.”
[119:92] 59 tn Or “my suffering.”
[119:95] 60 tn Heb “the wicked wait for me to kill me.”
[119:96] 61 tn Heb “to every perfection I have seen an end, your command is very wide.” God’s law is beyond full comprehension, which is why the psalmist continually studies it (vv. 95, 97).
[119:98] 62 tn The plural form needs to be revocalized as a singular in order to agree with the preceding singular verb and the singular pronoun in the next line. The
[119:101] 63 tn Heb “I hold back my feet.”
[119:101] 64 tn Heb “your word.” Many medieval Hebrew
[119:103] 65 tn Heb “How smooth they are to my palate, your word, more than honey to my mouth.” A few medieval Hebrew
[119:104] 66 tn Heb “every false path.”
[119:105] 67 tn Many medieval Hebrew
[119:105] 68 tn Heb “[is] a lamp for my foot and a light for my path.”
[119:107] 69 tn Heb “according to your word.”
[119:108] 70 tn Heb “of my mouth.”
[119:109] 71 tn Heb “my life [is] in my hands continually.”
[119:111] 72 tn Heb “for the joy of my heart [are] they.”
[119:112] 73 tn Heb “I turn my heart to do.”
[119:113] 74 tn Heb “divided ones.” The word occurs only here; it appears to be derived from a verbal root, attested in Arabic, meaning “to split” (see HALOT 762 s.v. *סֵעֵף). Since the psalmist is emphasizing his unswerving allegiance to God and his law, the term probably refers to those who lack such loyalty. The translation is similar to that suggested by L. C. Allen, Psalms 101-150 (WBC), 131.
[119:115] 75 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:115] 76 tn The psalmist has already declared that he observes God’s commands despite persecution, so here the idea must be “so that I might observe the commands of my God unhindered by threats.”
[119:116] 77 tn Heb “according to your word.”
[119:116] 78 tn The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:116] 79 tn Heb “do not make me ashamed of my hope.” After the Hebrew verb בּוֹשׁ (bosh, “to be ashamed”) the preposition מִן (min, “from”) often introduces the reason for shame.
[119:117] 80 tn Or “and that I might focus.” The two cohortatives with vav (ו) conjunctive indicate purpose/result after the imperative at the beginning of the verse.
[119:118] 81 tn The Hebrew verb סָלָה (salah, “to disdain”) occurs only here and in Lam 1:15. Cognate usage in Aramaic and Akkadian, as well as Lam 1:15, suggest it may have a concrete nuance of “to throw away.”
[119:118] 82 tn Heb “for their deceit [is] falsehood.”
[119:119] 83 sn Traditionally “dross” (so KJV, ASV, NIV). The metaphor comes from metallurgy; “slag” is the substance left over after the metallic ore has been refined.
[119:119] 84 sn As he explains in the next verse, the psalmist’s fear of judgment motivates him to obey God’s rules.
[119:120] 85 tn Heb “my flesh.”
[119:120] 86 tn The Hebrew verb סָמַר (samar, “to tremble”) occurs only here and in Job 4:15.
[119:120] 87 tn Heb “from fear of you.” The pronominal suffix on the noun is an objective genitive.
[119:121] 88 tn Heb “do justice and righteousness.”
[119:122] 89 tn Heb “be surety for your servant for good.”
[119:123] 90 tn Heb “my eyes fail for your deliverance.” The psalmist has intently kept his eyes open, looking for God to intervene, but now his eyes are watery and bloodshot, impairing his vision. See the similar phrase in v. 82.
[119:123] 91 tn Heb “and for the word of your faithfulness.”
[119:124] 92 tn Heb “do with your servant according to your loyal love.”
[119:125] 93 tn or “know.” The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:127] 94 tn “For this reason” connects logically with the statement made in v. 126. Because the judgment the psalmist fears (see vv. 119-120) is imminent, he remains loyal to God’s law.
[119:128] 95 tn Heb “for this reason all the precepts of everything I regard as right.” The phrase “precepts of everything” is odd. It is preferable to take the kaf (כ) on כֹּל (kol, “everything) with the preceding form as a pronominal suffix, “your precepts,” and the lamed (ל) with the following verb as an emphatic particle. See L. C. Allen, Psalms 101-150 (WBC), 138.
[119:128] 96 tn Heb “every false path.”
[119:130] 97 tn Heb “the doorway of your words gives light.” God’s “words” refer here to the instructions in his law (see vv. 9, 57).
[119:130] 98 tn Heb “it [i.e., the doorway] gives.”
[119:130] 99 tn Or “the [morally] naive,” that is, the one who is young and still in the process of learning right from wrong and distinguishing wisdom from folly. See Pss 19:7; 116:6.
[119:131] 100 tn The verb occurs only here in the OT.
[119:132] 101 tn Heb “according to custom toward the lovers of your name.” The “lovers of” God’s “name” are the
[119:133] 102 tn God’s “word” refers here to his law (see v. 11).
[119:134] 103 tn Or “redeem me.”
[119:134] 104 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:135] 105 tn Heb “cause your face to shine.”
[119:136] 106 tn Heb “[with] flowing streams my eyes go down.”
[119:136] 107 tn Heb “they”; even though somewhat generic, the referent (people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[119:138] 108 tn Heb “you commanded [in] justice your rules.”
[119:139] 110 tn Heb “destroys,” in a hyperbolic sense.
[119:139] 111 tn Heb “your words.”
[119:142] 112 tn Heb “your justice [is] justice forever.”
[119:144] 115 tn Heb “just are your rules forever.”
[119:144] 116 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:146] 117 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative.
[119:149] 118 tn Heb “my voice.”
[119:149] 119 tn Heb “according to.”
[119:149] 120 tn Heb “according to your custom.”
[119:150] 121 tn Heb “those who pursue.”
[119:152] 123 tn Heb “long ago I knew concerning your rules, that forever you established them.” See v. 89 for the same idea. The translation assumes that the preposition מִן (min) prefixed to “your rules” introduces the object of the verb יָדַע (yada’), as in 1 Sam 23:23. Another option is that the preposition indicates source, in which case one might translate, “Long ago I realized from your rules that forever you established them” (cf. NIV, NRSV).
[119:154] 124 tn Or “argue my case.”
[119:154] 125 tn Heb “and redeem me.” The verb “redeem” casts the
[119:155] 126 tn Heb “far from the wicked [is] deliverance.”
[119:156] 127 tn Heb “according to your customs.”
[119:157] 128 tn Heb “many [are] those who chase me and my enemies.”
[119:158] 129 tn Heb “your word.”
[119:160] 130 tn Heb “the head of your word is truth, and forever [is] all your just regulation.” The term “head” is used here of the “sum total” of God’s instructions.
[119:161] 131 tn Heb “and because of your instructions my heart trembles.” The psalmist’s healthy “fear” of the consequences of violating God’s instructions motivates him to obey them. See v. 120.
[119:162] 132 tn Heb “like one who finds great plunder.” See Judg 5:30. The image is that of a victorious warrior who finds a large amount of plunder on the field of battle.
[119:164] 133 tn The number “seven” is use rhetorically to suggest thoroughness.
[119:165] 134 tn Heb “great peace [is] to the lovers of your law.”
[119:165] 135 tn Heb “and there is no stumbling to them.”
[119:168] 137 tn Heb “for all my ways [are] before you.”
[119:169] 138 tn Heb “may my cry approach before you.”
[119:170] 139 tn Heb “may my appeal for mercy come before you.”
[119:170] 140 tn Heb “according to your speech.”
[119:172] 141 tn Heb “your word.”
[119:173] 142 tn The words “to obey” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarity.
[119:175] 143 tn Heb “my life.”
[119:175] 144 tn God’s regulations will “help” the psalmist by giving him moral and ethical guidance.
[119:176] 145 tn Heb “I stray like a lost sheep.” It is possible that the point of the metaphor is vulnerability: The psalmist, who is threatened by his enemies, feels as vulnerable as a straying, lost sheep. This would not suggest, however, that he has wandered from God’s path (see the second half of the verse, as well as v. 110).
