Discovery BoxPsalms 40:7-17
Context40:7 Then I say,
“Look! I come!
What is written in the scroll pertains to me. 1
40:8 I want to do what pleases you, 2 my God.
Your law dominates my thoughts.” 3
40:9 I have told the great assembly 4 about your justice. 5
Look! I spare no words! 6
O Lord, you know this is true.
40:10 I have not failed to tell about your justice; 7
I spoke about your reliability and deliverance;
I have not neglected to tell the great assembly about your loyal love and faithfulness. 8
40:11 O Lord, you do not withhold 9 your compassion from me.
May your loyal love and faithfulness continually protect me! 10
40:12 For innumerable dangers 11 surround me.
My sins overtake me
so I am unable to see;
they outnumber the hairs of my head
so my strength fails me. 12
40:13 Please be willing, O Lord, to rescue me!
O Lord, hurry and help me! 13
40:14 May those who are trying to snatch away my life
be totally embarrassed and ashamed! 14
May those who want to harm me
be turned back and ashamed! 15
40:15 May those who say to me, “Aha! Aha!”
be humiliated 16 and disgraced! 17
40:16 May all those who seek you be happy and rejoice in you!
May those who love to experience 18 your deliverance say continually, 19
“May the Lord be praised!” 20
40:17 I am oppressed and needy! 21
May the Lord pay attention to me! 22
You are my helper and my deliverer!
O my God, do not delay!
[40:7] 1 tn Heb “in the roll of the scroll it is written concerning me.” Apparently the psalmist refers to the law of God (see v. 8), which contains the commandments God desires him to obey. If this is a distinctly royal psalm, then the psalmist/king may be referring specifically to the regulations of kingship prescribed in Deut 17:14-20. See P. C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50 (WBC), 315.
[40:8] 3 tn Heb “your law [is] in the midst of my inner parts.” The “inner parts” are viewed here as the seat of the psalmist’s thought life and moral decision making.
[40:9] 4 sn The great assembly is also mentioned in Pss 22:25 and 35:18.
[40:9] 5 tn Heb “I proclaim justice in the great assembly.” Though “justice” appears without a pronoun here, the
[40:9] 6 tn Heb “Look! My lips I do not restrain.”
[40:10] 7 tn Heb “your justice I have not hidden in the midst of my heart.”
[40:10] 8 tn Heb “I have not hidden your loyal love and reliability.”
[40:11] 9 tn Some (cf. NIV, NRSV) translate the verb as a request (“do not withhold”), but elsewhere in the psalms the second masculine singular prefixed form, when addressed to God and preceded by לֹא (lo’), is always indicative in mood and never has the force of a prayer (see Pss 16:10; 22:2; 44:9 51:16-17; 60:10; 108:11; cf. NEB, NASB).
[40:11] 10 tn In this line the psalmist makes the transition from confidence to petition (see v. 13). Since the prefixed verbal form in the preceding line is imperfect/indicative, one could take the verb in this line as imperfect as well and translate, “your loyal love and faithfulness continually protect me” (cf. NEB). However, the כִּי (ki) at the beginning of the next verse, if causal (“because”), is best understood as introducing a motivating argument in support of a petition. For this reason v. 11b is best taken as a prayer with the prefixed form being understood as jussive (cf. NIV, NRSV). For parallels to the proposed construction (jussive followed by כִּי + perfect introducing motivating argument), see Ps 25:21, as well as Pss 10:2-3; 22:8.
[40:12] 11 tn Or “sinful deeds.” The Hebrew term used here can have a nonmoral nuance (“dangers”) or a moral one (“sinful deeds”) depending on the context. The next line (see “my sins”) seems to favor the moral sense, but the psalmist also speaks of enemies shortly after this (v. 14).
[40:12] 12 tn Heb “and my heart abandons me.” The “heart” is here viewed as the seat of emotional strength and courage. For a similar idea see Ps 38:10.
[40:13] 13 tn Heb “hurry to my help.” See Pss 22:19; 38:22.
[40:14] 14 tn Heb “may they be embarrassed and ashamed together, the ones seeking my life to snatch it away.”
[40:14] 15 tn The four prefixed verbal forms in this verse (“may those…be…embarrassed and ashamed…may those…be turned back and ashamed”) are understood as jussives. The psalmist is calling judgment down on his enemies.
[40:15] 16 tn The prefixed verbal form is understood as a jussive in this imprecation.
[40:15] 17 tn Heb “May they be humiliated according to their shame, those who say to me, ‘Aha! Aha!’”
[40:16] 18 tn Heb “those who love,” which stands metonymically for its cause, the experience of being delivered by the
[40:16] 19 tn The three prefixed verbal forms prior to the quotation are understood as jussives. The psalmist balances out his imprecation against his enemies with a prayer of blessing upon the godly.
[40:16] 20 tn The prefixed verbal form is taken as a jussive, “may the
[40:17] 21 sn See Pss 35:10; 37:14.
[40:17] 22 tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a jussive of prayer (as in the present translation; cf. NIV) or as an imperfect, “The
