Discovery BoxPsalms 68:13-18
Context68:13 When 1 you lie down among the sheepfolds, 2
the wings of the dove are covered with silver
and with glittering gold. 3
68:14 When the sovereign judge 4 scatters kings, 5
let it snow 6 on Zalmon!
68:15 The mountain of Bashan 7 is a towering mountain; 8
the mountain of Bashan is a mountain with many peaks. 9
68:16 Why do you look with envy, 10 O mountains 11 with many peaks,
at the mountain where God has decided to live? 12
Indeed 13 the Lord will live there 14 permanently!
68:17 God has countless chariots;
they number in the thousands. 15
The Lord comes from Sinai in holy splendor. 16
you have taken many captives. 18
You receive tribute 19 from 20 men,
including even sinful rebels.
Indeed the Lord God lives there! 21
[68:13] 2 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word translated “sheepfolds” is uncertain. There may be an echo of Judg 5:16 here.
[68:13] 3 tn Heb “and her pinions with the yellow of gold.”
[68:14] 4 tn The divine name used here is שַׁדַּי (“Shaddai”). Shaddai/El Shaddai is the sovereign king/judge of the world who grants life, blesses and kills, and judges. In Genesis he blesses the patriarchs with fertility and promises numerous descendants. Outside Genesis he both blesses (protects) and takes away life and/or happiness.
[68:14] 5 tn The Hebrew text adds “in it.” The third feminine singular pronominal suffix may refer back to God’s community/dwelling place (v. 10).
[68:14] 6 tn The verb form appears to be a Hiphil jussive from שָׁלַג (shalag), which is usually understood as a denominative verb from שֶׁלֶג (sheleg, “snow”) with an indefinite subject. The form could be taken as a preterite, in which case one might translate, “when the sovereign judge scattered kings, it snowed on Zalmon” (cf. NIV, NRSV). The point of the image is unclear. Perhaps “snow” suggests fertility and blessing (see v. 9 and Isa 55:10), or the image of a snow-capped mountain suggests grandeur.
[68:15] 7 sn The mountain of Bashan probably refers to Mount Hermon.
[68:15] 8 tn Heb “a mountain of God.” The divine name is probably used here in a superlative sense to depict a very high mountain (“a mountain fit for God,” as it were). Cf. NIV “are majestic mountains”; NRSV “O mighty mountain.”
[68:15] 9 tn The meaning of the Hebrew term, which appears only here in the OT, is uncertain. HALOT 174 s.v. גַּבְנוֹן suggests “many-peaked,” while BDB 148 s.v. גַּבְנִן suggests “rounded summit.”
[68:16] 10 tn The meaning of the Hebrew verb רָצַד (ratsad), translated here “look with envy,” is uncertain; it occurs only here in the OT. See BDB 952-53. A cognate verb occurs in later Aramaic with the meaning “to lie in wait; to watch” (Jastrow 1492 s.v. רְצַד).
[68:16] 11 tn Perhaps the apparent plural form should be read as a singular with enclitic mem (ם; later misinterpreted as a plural ending). The preceding verse has the singular form.
[68:16] 12 tn Heb “[at] the mountain God desires for his dwelling place.” The reference is to Mount Zion/Jerusalem.
[68:16] 13 tn The Hebrew particle אַף (’af) has an emphasizing function here.
[68:16] 14 tn The word “there” is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[68:17] 13 tn Heb “thousands of [?].” The meaning of the word שִׁנְאָן (shin’an), which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain. Perhaps the form should be emended to שַׁאֲנָן (sha’anan, “at ease”) and be translated here “held in reserve.”
[68:17] 14 tc The MT reads, “the Lord [is] among them, Sinai, in holiness,” which is syntactically difficult. The present translation assumes an emendation to אֲדֹנָי בָּא מִסִּינַי (’adonay ba’ missinay; see BHS note b-b and Deut 33:2).
[68:18] 16 tn Heb “to the elevated place”; or “on high.” This probably refers to the Lord’s throne on Mount Zion.
[68:18] 17 tn Heb “you have taken captives captive.”
[68:18] 20 tn Heb “so that the
