Psalms 78:30

78:30 They were not yet filled up, ¹ 

their food was still in their mouths,

Psalms 58:3

58:3 The wicked turn aside from birth; ² 

liars go astray as soon as they are born. ³ 

Psalms 69:8

69:8 My own brothers treat me like a stranger;

they act as if I were a foreigner. ⁴ 

Psalms 109:11

109:11 May the creditor seize ⁵  all he owns!

May strangers loot his property! ⁶ 

Psalms 44:20

44:20 If we had rejected our God, ⁷ 

and spread out our hands in prayer to another god, ⁸ 

Psalms 81:9

81:9 There must be ⁹  no other ¹⁰  god among you.

You must not worship a foreign god.

Psalms 54:3

54:3 For foreigners ¹¹  attack me; ¹² 

ruthless men, who do not respect God, seek my life. ¹³  (Selah)

[78:30]  ¹ tn Heb “they were not separated from their desire.”

[58:3]  ² tn Heb “from the womb.”

[58:3]  ³ tn Heb “speakers of a lie go astray from the womb.”

[69:8]  ³ tn Heb “and I am estranged to my brothers, and a foreigner to the sons of my mother.”

[109:11]  ⁴ tn Heb “lay snares for” (see Ps 38:12).

[109:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “the product of his labor.”

[44:20]  ⁵ tn Heb “If we had forgotten the name of our God.” To “forget the name” here refers to rejecting the Lord’s authority (see Jer 23:27) and abandoning him as an object of prayer and worship (see the next line).

[44:20]  ⁶ tn Heb “and spread out your hands to another god.” Spreading out the hands was a prayer gesture (see Exod 9:29, 33; 1 Kgs 8:22, 38; 2 Chr 6:12-13, 29; Ezra 9:15; Job 11:13; Isa 1:15). In its most fundamental sense זר (“another; foreign; strange”) refers to something that is outside one’s circle, often making association with it inappropriate. A “strange” god is an alien deity, an “outside god” (see L. A. Snijders, TDOT 4:54-55).

[81:9]  ⁶ tn The imperfect verbal forms in v. 9 have a modal function, expressing what is obligatory.

[81:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “different”; “illicit.”

[54:3]  ⁷ tc Many medieval Hebrew mss read זֵדִים (zedim, “proud ones”) rather than זָרִים (zarim, “foreigners”). (No matter which reading one chooses as original, dalet-resh confusion accounts for the existence of the variant.) The term זֵדִים (“proud ones”) occurs in parallelism with עָרִיצִים (’aritsim, “violent ones”) in Ps 86:14 and Isa 13:11. However, זָרִים (zarim, “foreigners”) is parallel to עָרִיצִים (’aritsim, “violent ones”) in Isa 25:5; 29:5; Ezek 28:7; 31:12.

[54:3]  ⁸ tn Heb “rise against me.”

[54:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “and ruthless ones seek my life, they do not set God in front of them.”