Discovery BoxPsalms 84:1-9
ContextFor the music director; according to the gittith style; 2 written by the Korahites, a psalm.
84:1 How lovely is the place where you live, 3
O Lord who rules over all! 4
84:2 I desperately want to be 5
in the courts of the Lord’s temple. 6
My heart and my entire being 7 shout for joy
to the living God.
84:3 Even the birds find a home there,
and the swallow 8 builds a nest,
where she can protect her young 9
near your altars, O Lord who rules over all,
my king and my God.
84:4 How blessed 10 are those who live in your temple
and praise you continually! (Selah)
84:5 How blessed are those who 11 find their strength in you,
and long to travel the roads that lead to your temple! 12
84:6 As they pass through the Baca Valley, 13
he provides a spring for them. 14
The rain 15 even covers it with pools of water. 16
84:7 They are sustained as they travel along; 17
each one appears 18 before God in Zion.
84:8 O Lord, sovereign God, 19
hear my prayer!
Listen, O God of Jacob! (Selah)
84:9 O God, take notice of our shield! 20
Show concern for your chosen king! 21
[84:1] 1 sn Psalm 84. The psalmist expresses his desire to be in God’s presence in the Jerusalem temple, for the Lord is the protector of his people.
[84:1] 2 tn The precise meaning of the Hebrew term הַגִּתִּית (haggittit) is uncertain; it probably refers to a musical style or instrument.
[84:1] 3 tn Or “your dwelling place[s].” The plural form of the noun may indicate degree or quality; this is the
[84:1] 4 tn Traditionally, “
[84:2] 5 tn Heb “my soul longs, it even pines for.”
[84:2] 6 tn Heb “the courts of the
[84:2] 7 tn Heb “my flesh,” which stands for his whole person and being.
[84:3] 8 tn The word translated “swallow” occurs only here and in Prov 26:2.
[84:3] 9 tn Heb “even a bird finds a home, and a swallow a nest for herself, [in] which she places her young.”
[84:4] 10 tn The Hebrew noun is an abstract plural. The word often refers metonymically to the happiness that God-given security and prosperity produce (see v. 12 and Pss 1:1; 2:12; 34:9; 41:1; 65:4; 89:15; 106:3; 112:1; 127:5; 128:1; 144:15).
[84:5] 11 tn Heb “[Oh] the happiness [of] the man.” Hebrew literature often assumes and reflects the male-oriented perspective of ancient Israelite society. The principle stated here was certainly applicable to all people, regardless of their gender or age. To facilitate modern application, we translate the gender and age specific “man” with the plural “those.” The individual referred to in v. 5a is representative of followers of God, as the use of plural forms in vv. 5b-7 indicates.
[84:5] 12 tn Heb “roads [are] in their heart[s].” The roads are here those that lead to Zion (see v. 7).
[84:6] 13 tn The translation assumes that the Hebrew phrase עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא (’emeq habbakha’) is the name of an otherwise unknown arid valley through which pilgrims to Jerusalem passed. The term בָּכָא (bakha’) may be the name of a particular type of plant or shrub that grew in this valley. O. Borowski (Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, 130) suggests it is the black mulberry. Some take the phrase as purely metaphorical and relate בָּכָא to the root בָּכָה (bakhah, “to weep”). In this case one might translate, “the valley of weeping” or “the valley of affliction.”
[84:6] 14 tc The MT reads “a spring they make it,” but this makes little sense. Many medieval Hebrew
[84:6] 15 tn This rare word may refer to the early (or autumn) rains (see Joel 2:23).
[84:6] 16 tc The MT reads בְּרָכוֹת (bÿrakhot, “blessings”) but the preceding reference to a “spring” favors an emendation to בְּרֵכוֹת (bÿrekhot, “pools”).
[84:7] 17 tn Heb “they go from strength to strength.” The phrase “from strength to strength” occurs only here in the OT. With a verb of motion, the expression “from [common noun] to [same common noun]” normally suggests movement from one point to another or through successive points (see Num 36:7; 1 Chr 16:20; 17:5; Ps 105:13; Jer 25:32). Ps 84:7 may be emphasizing that the pilgrims move successively from one “place of strength” to another as they travel toward Jerusalem. All along the way they find adequate provisions and renewed energy for the trip.
[84:7] 18 tn The psalmist returns to the singular (see v. 5a), which he uses in either a representative or distributive (“each one” ) sense.
[84:8] 19 tn Heb “
[84:9] 20 tn The phrase “our shield” refers metaphorically to the Davidic king, who, as God’s vice-regent, was the human protector of the people. Note the parallelism with “your anointed one” here and with “our king” in Ps 89:18.
[84:9] 21 tn Heb “look [on] the face of your anointed one.” The Hebrew phrase מְשִׁיחֶךָ (mÿshikhekha, “your anointed one”) refers here to the Davidic king (see Pss 2:2; 18:50; 20:6; 28:8; 89:38, 51; 132:10, 17).
