Revelation 20:1-10

Context

The Thousand Year Reign

20:1 Then¹ I saw an angel descending from heaven, holding² in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain. 20:2 He³ seized the dragon – the ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan – and tied him up for a thousand years. 20:3 The angel⁴ then⁵ threw him into the abyss and locked⁶ and sealed it so that he could not deceive the nations until the one thousand years were finished. (After these things he must be released for a brief period of time.)

20:4 Then⁷ I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge.⁸ I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These⁹ had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They¹⁰ came to life¹¹ and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 20:5 (The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were finished.)¹² This is the first resurrection. 20:6 Blessed and holy is the one who takes part¹³ in the first resurrection. The second death has no power over them,¹⁴ but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for a thousand years.

Satan’s Final Defeat

20:7 Now¹⁵ when the thousand years are finished, Satan will be released from his prison 20:8 and will go out to deceive¹⁶ the nations at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog,¹⁷ to bring them together for the battle. They are as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea.¹⁸ 20:9 They¹⁹ went up²⁰ on the broad plain of the earth²¹ and encircled²² the camp²³ of the saints and the beloved city, but²⁴ fire came down from heaven and devoured them completely.²⁵ 20:10 And the devil who deceived²⁶ them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur,²⁷ where the beast and the false prophet are²⁸ too, and they will be tormented there day and night forever and ever.

[20:1] ¹tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[20:1] ²tn The word “holding” is implied. The two clauses “having the key of the abyss” and “a huge chain in his hand” can be construed in two ways: (1) both are controlled by the participle ἔχοντα (econta) and both are modified by the phrase “in his hand” – “having in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain.” (2) The participle ἔχοντα refers only to the key, and the phrase “in his hand” refers only to the chain – “having the key of the abyss and holding a huge chain in his hand.” Because of the stylistic tendency in Rev to use the verb ἔχω (ecw) to mean “hold (something)” and the phrase “in his hand” forming a “bracket” along with the verb ἔχω around both the phrases in question, the first option is preferred.

[20:2] ³tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[20:3] ⁴tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel introduced in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:3] ⁵tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[20:3] ⁶tn Or “and shut.” While the lexical force of the term is closer to “shut,” it is acceptable to render the verb ἔκλεισεν (ekleisen) as “locked” here in view of the mention of the key in the previous verse.

[20:4] ⁷tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[20:4] ⁸tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”

[20:4] ⁹tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.

[20:4] ¹⁰tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[20:4] ¹¹tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”

[20:5] ¹²sn This statement appears to be a parenthetical comment by the author.

[20:6] ¹³tn Grk “who has a share.”

[20:6] ¹⁴tn The shift from the singular pronoun (“the one”) to the plural (“them”) in the passage reflects the Greek text: The singular participle ὁ ἔχων (Jo ecwn) is followed by the plural pronoun τούτων (toutwn). In the interests of English style, this is obscured in most modern translations except the NASB.

[20:7] ¹⁵tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[20:8] ¹⁶tn Or “mislead.”

[20:8] ¹⁷sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.

[20:8] ¹⁸tn Grk “of whom the number of them [is] like the sand of the sea” (an allusion to Isa 10:22).

[20:9] ¹⁹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[20:9] ²⁰tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.

[20:9] ²¹tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.

[20:9] ²²tn Or “surrounded.”

[20:9] ²³tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”

[20:9] ²⁴tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[20:9] ²⁵tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”

[20:10] ²⁶tn Or “misled.”

[20:10] ²⁷tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[20:10] ²⁸tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.