Discovery BoxRevelation 5:6-13
Context5:6 Then 1 I saw standing in the middle of the throne 2 and of the four living creatures, and in the middle of the elders, a Lamb that appeared to have been killed. 3 He had 4 seven horns and seven eyes, which 5 are the seven 6 spirits of God 7 sent out into all the earth. 5:7 Then 8 he came and took the scroll 9 from the right hand of the one who was seated on the throne, 5:8 and when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders threw themselves to the ground 10 before the Lamb. Each 11 of them had a harp and golden bowls full of incense (which are the prayers of the saints). 12 5:9 They were singing a new song: 13
“You are worthy to take the scroll
and to open its seals
because you were killed, 14
and at the cost of your own blood 15 you have purchased 16 for God
persons 17 from every tribe, language, 18 people, and nation.
5:10 You have appointed 19 them 20 as a kingdom and priests 21 to serve 22 our God, and they will reign 23 on the earth.”
5:11 Then 24 I looked and heard the voice of many angels in a circle around the throne, as well as the living creatures and the elders. Their 25 number was ten thousand times ten thousand 26 – thousands times thousands – 5:12 all of whom 27 were singing 28 in a loud voice:
“Worthy is the lamb who was killed 29
to receive power and wealth
and wisdom and might
and honor and glory and praise!”
5:13 Then 30 I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing: 31
“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb
be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power 32 forever and ever!”
[5:6] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[5:6] 2 tn Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).
[5:6] 3 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.” The phrase behind this translation is ὡς ἐσφαγμένον (Jw" ejsfagmenon). The particle ὡς is used in Greek generally for comparison, and in Revelation it is used often to describe the appearance of what the author saw. This phrase does not imply that the Lamb “appeared to have been killed” but in reality was not, because the wider context of the NT shows that in fact the Lamb, i.e., Jesus, was killed. See 13:3 for the only other occurrence of this phrase in the NT.
[5:6] 4 tn Grk “killed, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “he.”
[5:6] 5 sn The relative pronoun which is masculine, referring back to the eyes rather than to the horns.
[5:6] 6 tc There is good ms evidence for the inclusion of “seven” (ἑπτά, Jepta; Ì24 א 2053 2351 ÏK). There is equally good ms support for the omission of the term (A 1006 1611 ÏA pc). It may have been accidentally added due to its repeated presence in the immediately preceding phrases, or it may have been intentionally added to maintain the symmetry of the phrases or more likely to harmonize the phrase with 1:4; 3:1; 4:5. Or it may have been accidentally deleted by way of homoioteleuton (τὰ ἑπτά, ta Jepta). A decision is difficult in this instance. NA27 also does not find the problem easy to solve, placing the word in brackets to indicate doubts as to its authenticity.
[5:6] 7 sn See the note on the phrase the seven spirits of God in Rev 4:5.
[5:7] 8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[5:7] 9 tn The words “the scroll” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[5:8] 10 tn Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
[5:8] 11 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[5:8] 12 sn This interpretive comment by the author forms a parenthesis in the narrative.
[5:9] 13 tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.
[5:9] 14 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
[5:9] 15 tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”
[5:9] 16 tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few
[5:9] 17 tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[5:9] 18 tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[5:10] 19 tn The verb ἐποίησας (epoihsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.
[5:10] 20 tc The vast majority of witnesses have αὐτούς (autous, “them”) here, while the Textus Receptus reads ἡμᾶς (Jhmas, “us”) with insignificant support (pc gig vgcl sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.
[5:10] 21 tn The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”
[5:10] 22 tn The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”
[5:10] 23 tc The textual problem here between the present tense βασιλεύουσιν (basileuousin, “they are reigning”; so A 1006 1611 ÏK pc) and the future βασιλεύσουσιν (basileusousin, “they will reign”; so א 1854 2053 ÏA pc lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present (20:6). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.
[5:11] 24 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[5:11] 25 tn Grk “elders, and the number of them was.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[5:11] 26 tn Or “myriads of myriads.” Although μυριάς (murias) literally means “10,000,” the point of the combination here may simply be to indicate an incalculably huge number. See L&N 60.9.
[5:12] 27 tn The words “all of whom” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied to indicate the resumption of the phrase “the voice of many angels” at the beginning of the verse.
[5:12] 29 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
[5:13] 30 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
