Revelation 1:17-18

1:17 When ¹  I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but ²  he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 1:18 and the one who lives! I ³  was dead, but look, now I am alive – forever and ever – and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! ⁴ 

Revelation 2:23

2:23 Furthermore, I will strike her followers ⁵  with a deadly disease, ⁶  and then all the churches will know that I am the one who searches minds and hearts. I will repay ⁷  each one of you ⁸  what your deeds deserve. ⁹ 

Revelation 3:17

3:17 Because you say, “I am rich and have acquired great wealth, ¹⁰  and need nothing,” but ¹¹  do not realize that you are wretched, pitiful, ¹²  poor, blind, and naked,

Revelation 18:7

18:7 As much as ¹³  she exalted herself and lived in sensual luxury, ¹⁴  to this extent give her torment and grief because she said to herself, ¹⁵  ‘I rule as queen and am no widow; I will never experience grief!’

Revelation 22:9

22:9 But ¹⁶  he said to me, “Do not do this! ¹⁷  I am a fellow servant ¹⁸  with you and with your brothers the prophets, and with those who obey ¹⁹  the words of this book. Worship God!”

Revelation 22:16

22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” ²⁰ 

[1:17]  ¹ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[1:17]  ² tn Here the Greek conjunction καί (kai) has been translated as a contrastive (“but”) due to the contrast between the two clauses.

[1:18]  ³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[1:18]  ⁴ tn Concerning “Hades” BDAG 19 s.v. ᾅδης 1 and 2 states: “Orig. proper noun, god of the nether world, ‘Hades’, then the nether world, Hades as place of the dead, Ac 2:27, 31 (Ps 15:10; Eccl 9:10; PGM 1, 179; 16, 8; Philo, Mos. 1, 195; Jos., Bell. 1, 596, Ant. 6, 332). Of Jonah’s fish ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου. In the depths, contrasted w. heaven ἕως (τοῦ) ᾅδου Mt 11:23; Lk 10:15 (PsSol 15:10; cp.; Is 14:11, 15); ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ 16:23; ἐν ῝Αιδου ApcPt Rainer. Accessible by gates (but the pl. is also used [e.g. Hom., X., Ael. Aristid. 47, 20 K.=23 p. 450 D.] when only one gate is meant), hence πύλαι ᾅδου (Il. 5, 646; Is 38:10; Wsd 16:13; 3 Macc 5:51; Pss. Sol. 16:2. – Lucian, Menipp. 6 the magicians can open τοῦ ῝Αιδου τὰς πύλας and conduct people in and out safely) Mt 16:18…locked ἔχω τὰς κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου Rv 1:18 (the genitives are either obj. [Ps.-Apollod. 3, 12, 6, 10 Aeacus, the son of Zeus holds the κλεῖς τοῦ ῝Αιδου; SEG VIII, 574, 3 (III ad) τῷ τὰς κλεῖδας ἔχοντι τῶν καθ᾿ ῝Αιδου (restored)] or possess.; in the latter case death and Hades are personif.; s. 2)…Hades personif.…w. θάνατος (cp. Is 28:15; Job 38:17…) Rv 6:8; 20:13f.”

[2:23]  ⁵ tn Grk “her children,” but in this context a reference to this woman’s followers or disciples is more likely meant.

[2:23]  ⁶ tn Grk “I will kill with death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).

[2:23]  ⁷ tn Grk “I will give.” The sense of δίδωμι (didwmi) in this context is more “repay” than “give.”

[2:23]  ⁸ sn This pronoun and the following one are plural in the Greek text.

[2:23]  ⁹ tn Grk “each one of you according to your works.”

[3:17]  ⁷ tn Grk “and have become rich.” The semantic domains of the two terms for wealth here, πλούσιος (plousios, adjective) and πλουτέω (ploutew, verb) overlap considerably, but are given slightly different English translations for stylistic reasons.

[3:17]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[3:17]  ⁹ tn All the terms in this series are preceded by καί (kai) in the Greek text, but contemporary English generally uses connectives only between the last two items in such a series.

[18:7]  ⁹ tn “As much as” is the translation of ὅσα (Josa).

[18:7]  ¹⁰ tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”

[18:7]  ¹¹ tn Grk “said in her heart,” an idiom for saying something to oneself.

[22:9]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

[22:9]  ¹² tn On the elliptical expression ὅρα μή ({ora mh) BDAG 720 s.v. ὁράω B.2 states: “Elliptically…ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.”

[22:9]  ¹³ tn Grk “fellow slave.” Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) is here translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[22:9]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “keep” (an idiom for obedience).

[22:16]  ¹³ tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”