Revelation 1:7
Context1:7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds, 1
and every eye will see him,
even 2 those who pierced him, 3
and all the tribes 4 on the earth will mourn because 5 of him.
This will certainly come to pass! 6 Amen.) 7
Revelation 11:19--12:1
Context11:19 Then 8 the temple of God in heaven was opened and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, roaring, 9 crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm. 10
12:1 Then 11 a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet, and on her head was a crown of twelve stars. 12
Revelation 12:3
Context12:3 Then 13 another sign appeared in heaven: a huge red dragon that had seven heads and ten horns, and on its heads were seven diadem crowns. 14


[1:7] 1 sn An allusion to Dan 7:13.
[1:7] 2 tn Here καί (kai) was translated as ascensive.
[1:7] 3 sn An allusion to Zech 12:10.
[1:7] 4 tn In this context, tribes (φυλαί, fulai) could also be translated as “nations” or “peoples” (L&N 11.56).
[1:7] 5 tn The conjunction ἐπί (epi) is most likely causal here. The people who crucified him are those of every tribe on the earth and they will mourn because he comes as judge.
[1:7] 6 tn Grk “Yes, Amen.” The expression “This will certainly come to pass” is an attempt to capture the force of the juxtaposition of the Greek ναί (nai) and the Hebrew ἀμήν (amhn). See L&N 69.1.
[1:7] 7 sn These lines are placed in parentheses because they form an aside to the main argument.
[11:19] 8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence on events within the vision.
[11:19] 9 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
[11:19] 10 tn Although BDAG 1075 s.v. χάλαζα gives the meaning “hail” here, it is not clear whether the adjective μεγάλη (megalh) refers to the intensity of the storm or the size of the individual hailstones, or both.
[12:1] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[12:1] 16 sn Sun…moon…stars. This imagery is frequently identified with the nation Israel because of Joseph’s dream in Gen 37.
[12:3] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[12:3] 23 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.