Revelation 13:12-17

13:12 He ¹  exercised all the ruling authority ²  of the first beast on his behalf, ³  and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed. 13:13 He ⁴  performed momentous signs, even making fire come down from heaven in front of people ⁵  13:14 and, by the signs he was permitted to perform on behalf of the beast, he deceived those who live on the earth. He told ⁶  those who live on the earth to make an image to the beast who had been wounded by the sword, but still lived. 13:15 The second beast ⁷  was empowered ⁸  to give life ⁹  to the image of the first beast ¹⁰  so that it could speak, and could cause all those who did not worship the image of the beast to be killed. 13:16 He also caused ¹¹  everyone (small and great, rich and poor, free and slave ¹² ) to obtain a mark on their right hand or on their forehead. 13:17 Thus no one was allowed to buy ¹³  or sell things ¹⁴  unless he bore ¹⁵  the mark of the beast – that is, his name or his number. ¹⁶ 

[13:12]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:12]  ² tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[13:12]  ³ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

[13:13]  ⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:13]  ⁵ tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo"), referring to both men and women.

[13:14]  ⁶ tn Grk “earth, telling.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek.

[13:15]  ⁷ tn Grk “it”; the referent (the second beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:15]  ⁸ tn Grk “it was given [permitted] to it [the second beast].”

[13:15]  ⁹ tn Grk “breath,” but in context the point is that the image of the first beast is made to come to life and speak.

[13:15]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “of the beast”; the word “first” has been supplied to specify the referent.

[13:16]  ¹¹ tn Or “forced”; Grk “makes” (ποιεῖ, poiei).

[13:16]  ¹² tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[13:17]  ¹³ tn Grk “and that no one be able to buy or sell.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Although the ἵνα (Jina) is left untranslated, the English conjunction “thus” is used to indicate that this is a result clause.

[13:17]  ¹⁴ tn The word “things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context. In the context of buying and selling, food could be primarily in view, but the more general “things” was used in the translation because the context is not specific.

[13:17]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “except the one who had.”

[13:17]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “his name or the number of his name.”