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Revelation 13:8

Context
13:8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, 1  everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world 2  in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. 3 

Revelation 20:12

Context
20:12 And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne. Then 4  books were opened, and another book was opened – the book of life. 5  So 6  the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds. 7 

Revelation 20:15

Context
20:15 If 8  anyone’s name 9  was not found written in the book of life, that person 10  was thrown into the lake of fire.

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[13:8]  1 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:8]  2 tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.

[13:8]  3 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”

[20:12]  4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[20:12]  5 tn Grk “another book was opened, which is of life.”

[20:12]  6 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the books being opened.

[20:12]  7 tn Grk “from the things written in the books according to their works.”

[20:15]  8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[20:15]  9 tn The word “name” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[20:15]  10 tn Grk “he”; the pronoun has been intensified by translating as “that person.”



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