Revelation 16:2-9

Context
16:2 So¹ the first angel² went and poured out his bowl on the earth. Then³ ugly and painful sores⁴ appeared on the people⁵ who had the mark of the beast and who worshiped his image.

16:3 Next,⁶ the second angel⁷ poured out his bowl on the sea and it turned into blood, like that of a corpse, and every living creature that was in the sea died.

16:4 Then⁸ the third angel⁹ poured out his bowl on the rivers and the springs of water, and they turned into blood. 16:5 Now¹⁰ I heard the angel of the waters saying:

“You are just¹¹ – the one who is and who was,

the Holy One – because you have passed these judgments,¹²

16:6 because they poured out the blood of your saints and prophets,

so¹³ you have given them blood to drink. They got what they deserved!”¹⁴

16:7 Then¹⁵ I heard the altar reply,¹⁶ “Yes, Lord God, the All-Powerful,¹⁷ your judgments are true and just!”

16:8 Then¹⁸ the fourth angel¹⁹ poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was permitted to scorch people²⁰ with fire. 16:9 Thus²¹ people²² were scorched by the terrible heat,²³ yet²⁴ they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority²⁵ over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

[16:2] ¹tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the directions given by the voice from the temple.

[16:2] ²tn Grk “the first”; the referent (the first angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:2] ³tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:2] ⁴tn Or “ulcerated sores”; the term in the Greek text is singular but is probably best understood as a collective singular.

[16:2] ⁵tn Grk ‘the men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:3] ⁶tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “next” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:3] ⁷tn Grk “the second”; the referent (the second angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:4] ⁸tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:4] ⁹tn Grk “the third”; the referent (the third angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:5] ¹⁰tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the remarks that follow.

[16:5] ¹¹tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.

[16:5] ¹²tn Or “because you have judged these things.” The pronoun ταῦτα (tauta) is neuter gender.

[16:6] ¹³tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate that this judgment is the result of what these wicked people did to the saints and prophets.

[16:6] ¹⁴tn Grk “They are worthy”; i.e., of this kind of punishment. By extension, “they got what they deserve.”

[16:7] ¹⁵tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:7] ¹⁶tn Grk “the altar saying.”

[16:7] ¹⁷tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

[16:8] ¹⁸tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:8] ¹⁹tn Grk “the fourth”; the referent (the fourth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:8] ²⁰tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:9] ²¹tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

[16:9] ²²tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:9] ²³tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

[16:9] ²⁴tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[16:9] ²⁵tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.