Revelation 19:14

19:14 The ¹  armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, ²  were following him on white horses.

Revelation 1:14

1:14 His ³  head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, ⁴  and his eyes were like a fiery ⁵  flame.

Revelation 3:4

3:4 But you have a few individuals ⁶  in Sardis who have not stained ⁷  their clothes, and they will walk with me dressed ⁸  in white, because they are worthy.

Revelation 7:13

7:13 Then ⁹  one of the elders asked ¹⁰  me, “These dressed in long white robes – who are they and where have they come from?”

Revelation 3:5

3:5 The one who conquers ¹¹  will be dressed like them ¹²  in white clothing, ¹³  and I will never ¹⁴  erase ¹⁵  his name from the book of life, but ¹⁶  will declare ¹⁷  his name before my Father and before his angels.

Revelation 3:18

3:18 take my advice ¹⁸  and buy gold from me refined by fire so you can become rich! Buy from me ¹⁹  white clothing so you can be clothed and your shameful nakedness ²⁰  will not be exposed, and buy eye salve ²¹  to put on your eyes so you can see!

Revelation 4:4

4:4 In ²²  a circle around the throne were twenty-four other thrones, and seated on those thrones were twenty-four elders. They were ²³  dressed in white clothing and had golden crowns ²⁴  on their heads.

Revelation 6:2

6:2 So ²⁵  I looked, ²⁶  and here came ²⁷  a white horse! The ²⁸  one who rode it ²⁹  had a bow, and he was given a crown, ³⁰  and as a conqueror ³¹  he rode out to conquer.

Revelation 6:11

6:11 Each ³²  of them was given a long white robe and they were told to rest for a little longer, until the full number was reached ³³  of both their fellow servants ³⁴  and their brothers who were going to be killed just as they had been.

Revelation 14:14

14:14 Then ³⁵  I looked, and a white cloud appeared, ³⁶  and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! ³⁷  He had ³⁸  a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

Revelation 19:11

The Son of God Goes to War

19:11 Then ³⁹  I saw heaven opened and here came ⁴⁰  a white horse! The ⁴¹  one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice ⁴²  he judges and goes to war.

Revelation 20:11

The Great White Throne

20:11 Then ⁴³  I saw a large ⁴⁴  white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven ⁴⁵  fled ⁴⁶  from his presence, and no place was found for them.

Revelation 2:17

2:17 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who conquers, ⁴⁷  I will give him some of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white ⁴⁸  stone, ⁴⁹  and on that stone will be written a new name that no one can understand ⁵⁰  except the one who receives it.’

Revelation 7:9

7:9 After these things I looked, and here was ⁵¹  an enormous crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from every nation, tribe, ⁵²  people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, and with palm branches in their hands.

[19:14]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[19:14]  ² tn On the term translated “fine linen,” BDAG 185 s.v. βύσσινος states, “made of fine linen, subst. τὸ β. fine linen, linen garment…Rv 18:12, 16; 19:8, 14.”

[1:14]  ³ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[1:14]  ⁴ tn The clause, “even as white as snow” seems to heighten the preceding clause and is so understood in this ascensive sense (“even”) in the translation.

[1:14]  ⁵ tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[3:4]  ⁵ tn Grk “a few names”; here ὄνομα (onoma) is used by figurative extension to mean “person” or “people”; according to L&N 9.19 there is “the possible implication of existence or relevance as individuals.”

[3:4]  ⁶ tn Or “soiled” (so NAB, NRSV, NIV); NCV “have kept their clothes unstained”; CEV “have not dirtied your clothes with sin.”

[3:4]  ⁷ tn The word “dressed” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[7:13]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[7:13]  ⁸ tn Grk “spoke” or “declared to,” but in the context “asked” reads more naturally in English.

[3:5]  ⁹ tn Or “who overcomes.”

[3:5]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “thus.”

[3:5]  ¹¹ tn Or “white robes.”

[3:5]  ¹² tn The negation here is with οὐ μή (ou mh), the strongest possible form of negation in Koine Greek.

[3:5]  ¹³ tn Or “will never wipe out.”

[3:5]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[3:5]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “will confess.”

[3:18]  ¹¹ tn Grk “I counsel you to buy.”

[3:18]  ¹² tn Grk “rich, and.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation, repeating the words “Buy from me” to make the connection clear for the English reader.

[3:18]  ¹³ tn Grk “the shame of the nakedness of you,” which has been translated as an attributed genitive like καινότητι ζωῆς (kainothti zwh") in Rom 6:4 (ExSyn 89-90).

[3:18]  ¹⁴ sn The city of Laodicea had a famous medical school and exported a powder (called a “Phrygian powder”) that was widely used as an eye salve. It was applied to the eyes in the form of a paste the consistency of dough (the Greek term for the salve here, κολλούριον, kollourion [Latin collyrium], is a diminutive form of the word for a long roll of bread).

[4:4]  ¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[4:4]  ¹⁴ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were” to indicate the connection to the preceding material.

[4:4]  ¹⁵ sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.

[6:2]  ¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of hearing the voice summon the first rider.

[6:2]  ¹⁶ tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to come through the mss that have already placed “and look” (καὶ ἴδε or καὶ βλέπε [kai ide or kai blepe]) after the verb “come” (ἔρχου, ercou) as mentioned in the text-critical note on 6:1. Thus, for these copyists it was redundant to add “and I looked” again.

[6:2]  ¹⁷ tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[6:2]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[6:2]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”

[6:2]  ²⁰ sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.

[6:2]  ²¹ tn The participle νικῶν (nikwn) has been translated as substantival, the subject of the verb ἐξῆλθεν (exhlqen). Otherwise, as an adverbial participle of manner, it is somewhat redundant: “he rode out conquering and to conquer.”

[6:11]  ¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[6:11]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “until they had been completed.” The idea of a certain “number” of people is implied by the subject of πληρωθῶσιν (plhrwqwsin).

[6:11]  ¹⁹ tn Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) has been translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[14:14]  ¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[14:14]  ²⁰ tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”

[14:14]  ²¹ tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

[14:14]  ²² tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.

[19:11]  ²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:11]  ²² tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[19:11]  ²³ tn A new sentence was started in the translation at this point and καί (kai) was not translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[19:11]  ²⁴ tn Or “in righteousness,” but since the context here involves the punishment of the wicked and the vindication of the saints, “justice” was preferred.

[20:11]  ²³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[20:11]  ²⁴ tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.

[20:11]  ²⁵ tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.

[20:11]  ²⁶ tn Or “vanished.”

[2:17]  ²⁵ tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.” The pendent dative is allowed to stand in the English translation because it is characteristic of the author’s style in Revelation.

[2:17]  ²⁶ tn Or “bright.” The Greek term λευκός (leukos) can refer either to the color white (traditional here) or to an object that is bright or shining, either from itself or from an outside source of illumination (L&N 14.50; 79.27).

[2:17]  ²⁷ tn On the interpretation of the stone, L&N 2.27 states, “A number of different suggestions have been made as to the reference of ψῆφος in this context. Some scholars believe that the white ψῆφος indicates a vote of acquittal in court. Others contend that it is simply a magical amulet; still others, a token of Roman hospitality; and finally, some have suggested that it may represent a ticket to the gladiatorial games, that is to say, to martyrdom. The context, however, suggests clearly that this is something to be prized and a type of reward for those who have ‘won the victory.’”

[2:17]  ²⁸ tn Or “know”; for the meaning “understand” see L&N 32.4.

[7:9]  ²⁷ tn The phrase “and here was” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[7:9]  ²⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.