Revelation 2:18

To the Church in Thyatira

2:18 “To ¹  the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: ² 

“This is the solemn pronouncement of ³  the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame ⁴  and whose feet are like polished bronze: ⁵ 

Revelation 9:19

9:19 For the power ⁶  of the horses resides ⁷  in their mouths and in their tails, because their tails are like snakes, having heads that inflict injuries.

Revelation 13:4

13:4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority ⁸  to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?” ⁹ 

Revelation 14:14

14:14 Then ¹⁰  I looked, and a white cloud appeared, ¹¹  and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! ¹²  He had ¹³  a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

[2:18]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.

[2:18]  ² tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.

[2:18]  ³ tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.

[2:18]  ⁴ tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[2:18]  ⁵ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

[9:19]  ⁶ tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”

[9:19]  ⁷ tn Grk “is.”

[13:4]  ¹¹ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[13:4]  ¹² tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

[14:14]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[14:14]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”

[14:14]  ¹⁸ tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

[14:14]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.