Discovery BoxRevelation 22:1-16
Context22:1 Then 1 the angel 2 showed me the river of the water of life – water as clear as crystal – pouring out 3 from the throne of God and of the Lamb, 22:2 flowing down the middle of the city’s 4 main street. 5 On each side 6 of the river is the tree of life producing twelve kinds 7 of fruit, yielding its fruit every month of the year. 8 Its leaves are for the healing of the nations. 22:3 And there will no longer be any curse, 9 and the throne of God and the Lamb will be in the city. 10 His 11 servants 12 will worship 13 him, 22:4 and they will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. 22:5 Night will be no more, and they will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, because the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever.
22:6 Then 14 the angel 15 said to me, “These words are reliable 16 and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants 17 what must happen soon.”
22:7 (Look! I am coming soon!
Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy expressed in this book.) 18
22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, 19 and when I heard and saw them, 20 I threw myself down 21 to worship at the feet of the angel who was showing them to me. 22:9 But 22 he said to me, “Do not do this! 23 I am a fellow servant 24 with you and with your brothers the prophets, and with those who obey 25 the words of this book. Worship God!” 22:10 Then 26 he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy contained in this book, because the time is near. 22:11 The evildoer must continue to do evil, 27 and the one who is morally filthy 28 must continue to be filthy. The 29 one who is righteous must continue to act righteously, and the one who is holy must continue to be holy.”
22:12 (Look! I am coming soon,
and my reward is with me to pay 30 each one according to what he has done!
22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega,
the first and the last,
the beginning and the end!) 31
22:14 Blessed are those who wash their robes so they can have access 32 to the tree of life and can enter into the city by the gates. 22:15 Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers 33 and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood! 34
22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” 35
[22:1] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[22:1] 2 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel mentioned in 21:9, 15) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:1] 3 tn Grk “proceeding.” Water is more naturally thought to pour out or flow out in English idiom.
[22:2] 4 tn Grk “its”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:2] 5 tn The Greek word πλατεῖα (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).
[22:2] 6 tn Grk “From here and from there.”
[22:2] 7 tn Or “twelve crops” (one for each month of the year).
[22:2] 8 tn The words “of the year” are implied.
[22:3] 9 tn Or “be anything accursed” (L&N 33.474).
[22:3] 10 tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:3] 11 tn Grk “city, and his.” Although this is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, a new sentence was started here in the translation because of the introduction of the Lamb’s followers.
[22:3] 12 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[22:6] 14 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[22:6] 15 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel mentioned in 21:9, 15; 22:1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:6] 17 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[22:7] 18 sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.
[22:8] 19 tn Or “I am John, the one who heard and saw these things.”
[22:8] 20 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[22:8] 21 tn Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
[22:9] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
[22:9] 23 tn On the elliptical expression ὅρα μή ({ora mh) BDAG 720 s.v. ὁράω B.2 states: “Elliptically…ὅρα μή (sc. ποιήσῃς) watch out! don’t do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9.”
[22:9] 24 tn Grk “fellow slave.” Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) is here translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[22:9] 25 tn Grk “keep” (an idiom for obedience).
[22:10] 26 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[22:11] 27 tn Grk “must do evil still.”
[22:11] 28 tn For this translation see L&N 88.258; the term refers to living in moral filth.
[22:11] 29 tn Grk “filthy, and the.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started in the translation.
[22:12] 30 tn The Greek term may be translated either “pay” or “pay back” and has something of a double meaning here. However, because of the mention of “wages” (“reward,” another wordplay with two meanings) in the previous clause, the translation “pay” for ἀποδοῦναι (apodounai) was used here.
[22:13] 31 sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.
[22:14] 32 tn Grk “so that there will be to them authority over the tree of life.”
[22:15] 33 tn On the term φάρμακοι (farmakoi) see L&N 53.101.
[22:15] 34 tn Or “lying,” “deceit.”
[22:16] 35 tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”
