Discovery BoxRevelation 8:13
Context8:13 Then 1 I looked, and I heard an 2 eagle 3 flying directly overhead, 4 proclaiming with a loud voice, “Woe! Woe! Woe to those who live on the earth because of the remaining sounds of the trumpets of the three angels who are about to blow them!” 5
Revelation 14:6
Context14:6 Then 6 I saw another 7 angel flying directly overhead, 8 and he had 9 an eternal gospel to proclaim 10 to those who live 11 on the earth – to every nation, tribe, 12 language, and people.
Isaiah 34:1-8
Context34:1 Come near, you nations, and listen!
Pay attention, you people!
The earth and everything it contains must listen,
the world and everything that lives in it. 13
34:2 For the Lord is angry at all the nations
and furious with all their armies.
He will annihilate them and slaughter them.
34:3 Their slain will be left unburied, 14
their corpses will stink; 15
the hills will soak up their blood. 16
34:4 All the stars in the sky will fade away, 17
the sky will roll up like a scroll;
all its stars will wither,
like a leaf withers and falls from a vine
or a fig withers and falls from a tree. 18
34:5 He says, 19 “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. 20
Look, it now descends on Edom, 21
on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”
34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,
it is covered 22 with fat;
it drips 23 with the blood of young rams and goats
and is covered 24 with the fat of rams’ kidneys.
For the Lord is holding a sacrifice 25 in Bozrah, 26
a bloody 27 slaughter in the land of Edom.
34:7 Wild oxen will be slaughtered 28 along with them,
as well as strong bulls. 29
Their land is drenched with blood,
their soil is covered with fat.
34:8 For the Lord has planned a day of revenge, 30
a time when he will repay Edom for her hostility toward Zion. 31
[8:13] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[8:13] 3 tc ÏA reads “angel” (ἀγγέλου, angelou) instead of “eagle” (ἀετοῦ, aetou), a reading strongly supported by {א A 046 ÏK and several versions}. On external grounds, ἀετοῦ is clearly the superior reading. ἀγγέλου could have arisen inadvertently due to similarities in spelling or sound between ἀετοῦ and ἀγγέλου. It may also have been intentional in order to bring this statement in line with 14:6 where an angel is mentioned as the one flying in midair. This seems a more likely reason, strengthened by the facts that the book only mentions eagles two other times (4:7; 12:14). Further, the immediate as well as broad context is replete with references to angels.
[8:13] 4 tn Concerning the word μεσουράνημα (mesouranhma), L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’ εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι ‘I looked, and I heard an eagle that was flying overhead in the sky’ Re 8:13.”
[8:13] 5 tn Grk “about to sound their trumpets,” but this is redundant in English.
[14:6] 6 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[14:6] 7 tc Most
[14:6] 8 tn L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’”
[14:6] 10 tn Or “an eternal gospel to announce as good news.”
[14:6] 11 tn Grk “to those seated on the earth.”
[14:6] 12 tn Grk “and tribe,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[34:1] 13 tn Heb “the world and its offspring”; NASB “the world and all that springs from it.”
[34:3] 14 tn Heb “will be cast aside”; NASB, NIV “thrown out.”
[34:3] 15 tn Heb “[as for] their corpses, their stench will arise.”
[34:3] 16 tn Heb “hills will dissolve from their blood.”
[34:4] 17 tc Heb “and all the host of heaven will rot.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa inserts “and the valleys will be split open,” but this reading may be influenced by Mic 1:4. On the other hand, the statement, if original, could have been omitted by homoioarcton, a scribe’s eye jumping from the conjunction prefixed to “the valleys” to the conjunction prefixed to the verb “rot.”
[34:4] 18 tn Heb “like the withering of a leaf from a vine, and like the withering from a fig tree.”
[34:5] 19 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.
[34:5] 20 tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”
[34:5] 21 sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.
[34:6] 22 tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.
[34:6] 23 tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:6] 24 tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:6] 25 tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”
[34:6] 26 sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.
[34:6] 27 tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
[34:7] 28 tn Heb “will go down”; NAB “shall be struck down.”
[34:7] 29 tn Heb “and bulls along with strong ones.” Perhaps this refers to the leaders.
[34:8] 30 tn Heb “for a day of vengeance [is] for the Lord.”
[34:8] 31 tn Heb “a year of repayment for the strife of Zion.” The translation assumes that רִיב (riv) refers to Edom’s hostility toward Zion. Another option is to understand רִיב (riv) as referring to the Lord’s taking up Zion’s cause. In this case one might translate, “a time when he will repay Edom and vindicate Zion.”
