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Revelation 9:3-6

Context
9:3 Then 1  out of the smoke came locusts onto the earth, and they were given power 2  like that of the scorpions of the earth. 9:4 They 3  were told 4  not to damage the grass of the earth, or any green plant or tree, but only those people 5  who did not have the seal of God on their 6  forehead. 9:5 The locusts 7  were not given permission 8  to kill 9  them, but only to torture 10  them 11  for five months, and their torture was like that 12  of a scorpion when it stings a person. 13  9:6 In 14  those days people 15  will seek death, but 16  will not be able to 17  find it; they will long to die, but death will flee from them.

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[9:3]  1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[9:3]  2 tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.

[9:4]  3 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[9:4]  4 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).

[9:4]  5 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.

[9:4]  6 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).

[9:5]  7 tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:5]  8 tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[9:5]  9 tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).

[9:5]  10 tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”

[9:5]  11 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.

[9:5]  12 tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.

[9:5]  13 tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.

[9:6]  14 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[9:6]  15 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.

[9:6]  16 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[9:6]  17 tn The phrase “not be able to” was used in the translation to emphasize the strong negation (οὐ μή, ou mh) in the Greek text.



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