Romans 1:25

1:25 They ¹  exchanged the truth of God for a lie ²  and worshiped and served the creation ³  rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

Romans 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know ⁴  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ⁵  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ⁶ 

Romans 2:15

2:15 They ⁷  show that the work of the law is written ⁸  in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend ⁹  them, ¹⁰ 

Romans 16:7

16:7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, ¹¹  my compatriots ¹²  and my fellow prisoners. They are well known ¹³  to the apostles, ¹⁴  and they were in Christ before me.

[1:25]  ¹ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:25]  ² tn Grk “the lie.”

[1:25]  ³ tn Or “creature, created things.”

[1:32]  ⁴ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:32]  ⁵ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

[1:32]  ⁶ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

[2:15]  ⁷ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[2:15]  ⁸ tn Grk “show the work of the law [to be] written,” with the words in brackets implied by the Greek construction.

[2:15]  ⁹ tn Or “excuse.”

[2:15]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “their conscience bearing witness and between the thoughts accusing or also defending one another.”

[16:7]  ¹⁰ tn Or “Junias.”

[16:7]  ¹¹ tn Or “kinsmen,” “relatives,” “fellow countrymen.”

[16:7]  ¹² tn Or “prominent, outstanding, famous.” The term ἐπίσημος (epishmo") is used either in an implied comparative sense (“prominent, outstanding”) or in an elative sense (“famous, well known”). The key to determining the meaning of the term in any given passage is both the general context and the specific collocation of this word with its adjuncts. When a comparative notion is seen, that to which ἐπίσημος is compared is frequently, if not usually, put in the genitive case (cf., e.g., 3 Macc 6:1 [Ελεαζαρος δέ τις ἀνὴρ ἐπίσημος τῶν ἀπὸ τής χώρας ἱερέων “Eleazar, a man prominent among the priests of the country”]; cf. also Pss. Sol. 17:30). When, however, an elative notion is found, ἐν (en) plus a personal plural dative is not uncommon (cf. Pss. Sol. 2:6). Although ἐν plus a personal dative does not indicate agency, in collocation with words of perception, (ἐν plus) dative personal nouns are often used to show the recipients. In this instance, the idea would then be “well known to the apostles.” See M. H. Burer and D. B. Wallace, “Was Junia Really an Apostle? A Re-examination of Rom 16.7,” NTS 47 (2001): 76-91, who argue for the elative notion here.

[16:7]  ¹³ tn Or “among the apostles.” See discussion in the note on “well known” for these options.