Romans 11:15-23

Context
11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 11:16 If the first portion¹ of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches.²

11:17 Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in³ the richness of the olive root, 11:18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you. 11:19 Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” 11:20 Granted!⁴ They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear! 11:21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you. 11:22 Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but⁵ God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness;⁶ otherwise you also will be cut off. 11:23 And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.

[11:16] ¹tn Grk “firstfruits,” a term for the first part of something that has been set aside and offered to God before the remainder can be used.

[11:16] ²sn Most interpreters see Paul as making use of a long-standing metaphor of the olive tree (the root…the branches) as a symbol for Israel. See, in this regard, Jer 11:16, 19. A. T. Hanson, Studies in Paul’s Technique and Theology, 121-24, cites rabbinic use of the figure of the olive tree, and goes so far as to argue that Rom 11:17-24 is a midrash on Jer 11:16-19.

[11:17] ¹tn Grk “became a participant of.”

[11:20] ¹tn Grk “well!”, an adverb used to affirm a statement. It means “very well,” “you are correct.”

[11:22] ¹tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

[11:22] ²tn Grk “if you continue in (the) kindness.”