Romans 2:5

2:5 But because of your stubbornness ¹  and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed! ² 

Romans 2:25

2:25 For circumcision ³  has its value if you practice the law, but ⁴  if you break the law, ⁵  your circumcision has become uncircumcision.

Romans 4:18

4:18 Against hope Abraham ⁶  believed ⁷  in hope with the result that he became the father of many nations ⁸  according to the pronouncement, ⁹  “so will your descendants be.” ¹⁰ 

Romans 10:6

10:6 But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ¹¹  ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’” ¹²  (that is, to bring Christ down)

Romans 15:9

15:9 and thus the Gentiles glorify God for his mercy. ¹³  As it is written, “Because of this I will confess you among the Gentiles, and I will sing praises to your name.” ¹⁴ 

[2:5]  ¹ tn Grk “hardness.” Concerning this imagery, see Jer 4:4; Ezek 3:7; 1 En. 16:3.

[2:5]  ² tn Grk “in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God.”

[2:25]  ³ sn Circumcision refers to male circumcision as prescribed in the OT, which was given as a covenant to Abraham in Gen 17:10-14. Its importance for Judaism can hardly be overstated: According to J. D. G. Dunn (Romans [WBC], 1:120) it was the “single clearest distinguishing feature of the covenant people.” J. Marcus has suggested that the terms used for circumcision (περιτομή, peritomh) and uncircumcision (ἀκροβυστία, akrobustia) were probably derogatory slogans used by Jews and Gentiles to describe their opponents (“The Circumcision and the Uncircumcision in Rome,” NTS 35 [1989]: 77-80).

[2:25]  ⁴ tn This contrast is clearer and stronger in Greek than can be easily expressed in English.

[2:25]  ⁵ tn Grk “if you should be a transgressor of the law.”

[4:18]  ⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:18]  ⁶ tn Grk “who against hope believed,” referring to Abraham. The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[4:18]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Gen 17:5.

[4:18]  ⁸ tn Grk “according to that which had been spoken.”

[4:18]  ⁹ sn A quotation from Gen 15:5.

[10:6]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Deut 9:4.

[10:6]  ⁸ sn A quotation from Deut 30:12.

[15:9]  ⁹ tn There are two major syntactical alternatives which are both awkward: (1) One could make “glorify” dependent on “Christ has become a minister” and coordinate with “to confirm” and the result would be rendered “Christ has become a minister of circumcision to confirm the promises…and so that the Gentiles might glorify God.” (2) One could make “glorify” dependent on “I tell you” and coordinate with “Christ has become a minister” and the result would be rendered “I tell you that Christ has become a minister of circumcision…and that the Gentiles glorify God.” The second rendering is preferred.

[15:9]  ¹⁰ sn A quotation from Ps 18:49.