Romans 5:17-19

5:17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, ¹  death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!

5:18 Consequently, ²  just as condemnation ³  for all people ⁴  came ⁵  through one transgression, ⁶  so too through the one righteous act ⁷  came righteousness leading to life ⁸  for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man ⁹  many ¹⁰  were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man ¹¹  many ¹²  will be made righteous.

[5:17]  ¹ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

[5:18]  ² tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

[5:18]  ³ tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”

[5:18]  ⁴ tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.

[5:18]  ⁵ tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.

[5:18]  ⁶ sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.

[5:18]  ⁷ sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.

[5:18]  ⁸ tn Grk “righteousness of life.”

[5:19]  ⁹ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

[5:19]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “the many.”

[5:19]  ¹¹ sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.

[5:19]  ¹² tn Grk “the many.”