Romans 5:18-21

5:18 Consequently, ¹  just as condemnation ²  for all people ³  came ⁴  through one transgression, ⁵  so too through the one righteous act ⁶  came righteousness leading to life ⁷  for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man ⁸  many ⁹  were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man ¹⁰  many ¹¹  will be made righteous. 5:20 Now the law came in ¹²  so that the transgression ¹³  may increase, but where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, 5:21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

[5:18]  ¹ tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

[5:18]  ² tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”

[5:18]  ³ tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.

[5:18]  ⁴ tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.

[5:18]  ⁵ sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.

[5:18]  ⁶ sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.

[5:18]  ⁷ tn Grk “righteousness of life.”

[5:19]  ⁸ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

[5:19]  ⁹ tn Grk “the many.”

[5:19]  ¹⁰ sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.

[5:19]  ¹¹ tn Grk “the many.”

[5:20]  ¹² tn Grk “slipped in.”

[5:20]  ¹³ tn Or “trespass.”