Romans 8:14

8:14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are ¹  the sons of God.

Romans 9:7

9:7 nor are all the children Abraham’s true descendants; rather “through Isaac will your descendants be counted.” ² 

Romans 13:6

13:6 For this reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities ³  are God’s servants devoted to governing. ⁴ 

Romans 2:14

2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, ⁵  who do not have the law, do by nature ⁶  the things required by the law, ⁷  these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.

Romans 9:4

9:4 who are Israelites. To them belong ⁸  the adoption as sons, ⁹  the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship, ¹⁰  and the promises.

Romans 13:1

Submission to Civil Government

13:1 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except by God’s appointment, ¹¹  and the authorities that exist have been instituted by God.

Romans 15:27

15:27 For they were pleased to do this, and indeed they are indebted to the Jerusalem saints. ¹²  For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are obligated also to minister to them in material things.

Romans 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know ¹³  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ¹⁴  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ¹⁵ 

Romans 13:3

13:3 (for rulers cause no fear for good conduct but for bad). Do you desire not to fear authority? Do good and you will receive its commendation,

Romans 16:7

16:7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, ¹⁶  my compatriots ¹⁷  and my fellow prisoners. They are well known ¹⁸  to the apostles, ¹⁹  and they were in Christ before me.

[8:14]  ¹ tn Grk “For as many as are being led by the Spirit of God, these are.”

[9:7]  ² tn Grk “be called.” The emphasis here is upon God’s divine sovereignty in choosing Isaac as the child through whom Abraham’s lineage would be counted as opposed to Ishmael.

[13:6]  ³ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the governing authorities) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:6]  ⁴ tn Grk “devoted to this very thing.”

[2:14]  ⁴ sn Gentile is a NT term for a non-Jew.

[2:14]  ⁵ tn Some (e.g. C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:135-37) take the phrase φύσει (fusei, “by nature”) to go with the preceding “do not have the law,” thus: “the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature,” that is, by virtue of not being born Jewish.

[2:14]  ⁶ tn Grk “do by nature the things of the law.”

[9:4]  ⁵ tn Grk “of whom.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[9:4]  ⁶ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB, ESV), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”

[9:4]  ⁷ tn Or “cultic service.”

[13:1]  ⁶ tn Grk “by God.”

[15:27]  ⁷ tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the Jerusalem saints) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:32]  ⁸ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:32]  ⁹ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

[1:32]  ¹⁰ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

[16:7]  ⁹ tn Or “Junias.”

[16:7]  ¹⁰ tn Or “kinsmen,” “relatives,” “fellow countrymen.”

[16:7]  ¹¹ tn Or “prominent, outstanding, famous.” The term ἐπίσημος (epishmo") is used either in an implied comparative sense (“prominent, outstanding”) or in an elative sense (“famous, well known”). The key to determining the meaning of the term in any given passage is both the general context and the specific collocation of this word with its adjuncts. When a comparative notion is seen, that to which ἐπίσημος is compared is frequently, if not usually, put in the genitive case (cf., e.g., 3 Macc 6:1 [Ελεαζαρος δέ τις ἀνὴρ ἐπίσημος τῶν ἀπὸ τής χώρας ἱερέων “Eleazar, a man prominent among the priests of the country”]; cf. also Pss. Sol. 17:30). When, however, an elative notion is found, ἐν (en) plus a personal plural dative is not uncommon (cf. Pss. Sol. 2:6). Although ἐν plus a personal dative does not indicate agency, in collocation with words of perception, (ἐν plus) dative personal nouns are often used to show the recipients. In this instance, the idea would then be “well known to the apostles.” See M. H. Burer and D. B. Wallace, “Was Junia Really an Apostle? A Re-examination of Rom 16.7,” NTS 47 (2001): 76-91, who argue for the elative notion here.

[16:7]  ¹² tn Or “among the apostles.” See discussion in the note on “well known” for these options.