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Romans 9:32

Context
9:32 Why not? Because they pursued 1  it not by faith but (as if it were possible) by works. 2  They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 3 

Romans 11:6

Context
11:6 And if it is by grace, it is no longer by works, otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

Romans 11:35

Context

11:35 Or who has first given to God, 4 

that God 5  needs to repay him? 6 

Matthew 20:1-16

Context
Workers in the Vineyard

20:1 “For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner 7  who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. 20:2 And after agreeing with the workers for the standard wage, 8  he sent them into his vineyard. 20:3 When it was about nine o’clock in the morning, 9  he went out again and saw others standing around in the marketplace without work. 20:4 He said to them, ‘You go into the vineyard too, and I will give you whatever is right.’ 20:5 So they went. When 10  he went out again about noon and three o’clock that afternoon, 11  he did the same thing. 20:6 And about five o’clock that afternoon 12  he went out and found others standing around, and said to them, ‘Why are you standing here all day without work?’ 20:7 They said to him, ‘Because no one hired us.’ He said to them, ‘You go and work in the vineyard too.’ 20:8 When 13  it was evening 14  the owner of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the workers and give the pay 15  starting with the last hired until the first.’ 20:9 When those hired about five o’clock came, each received a full day’s pay. 16  20:10 And when those hired first came, they thought they would receive more. But each one also received the standard wage. 20:11 When 17  they received it, they began to complain 18  against the landowner, 20:12 saying, ‘These last fellows worked one hour, and you have made them equal to us who bore the hardship and burning heat of the day.’ 20:13 And the landowner 19  replied to one of them, 20  ‘Friend, I am not treating you unfairly. Didn’t you agree with me to work for the standard wage? 21  20:14 Take what is yours and go. I 22  want to give to this last man 23  the same as I gave to you. 20:15 Am I not 24  permitted to do what I want with what belongs to me? Or are you envious because I am generous?’ 25  20:16 So the last will be first, and the first last.”

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[9:32]  1 tn Grk “Why? Because not by faith but as though by works.” The verb (“they pursued [it]”) is to be supplied from the preceding verse for the sake of English style; yet a certain literary power is seen in Paul’s laconic style.

[9:32]  2 tc Most mss, especially the later ones (א2 D Ψ 33 Ï sy), read νόμου (nomou, “of the law”) here, echoing Paul’s usage in Rom 3:20, 28 and elsewhere. The qualifying phrase is lacking in א* A B F G 6 629 630 1739 1881 pc lat co. The longer reading thus is weaker externally and internally, being motivated apparently by a need to clarify.

[9:32]  3 tn Grk “the stone of stumbling.”

[11:35]  4 tn Grk “him”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:35]  5 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:35]  6 sn A quotation from Job 41:11.

[20:1]  7 sn The term landowner here refers to the owner and manager of a household.

[20:2]  8 tn Grk “agreeing with the workers for a denarius a day.”

[20:3]  9 tn Grk “about the third hour.”

[20:5]  10 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[20:5]  11 tn Grk “he went out again about the sixth and ninth hour.”

[20:6]  12 tn Grk “about the eleventh hour.”

[20:8]  13 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[20:8]  14 sn That is, six o’clock in the evening, the hour to pay day laborers. See Lev 19:13b.

[20:8]  15 tc ‡ Most witnesses (including B D W Θ Ë1,13 33vid Ï latt sy) have αὐτοῖς (autois, “to them”) after ἀπόδος (apodos, “give the pay”), but this seems to be a motivated reading, clarifying the indirect object. The omission is supported by א C L Z 085 Or. Nevertheless, NA27 includes the pronoun on the basis of the greater external attestation.

[20:9]  16 tn Grk “each received a denarius.” See the note on the phrase “standard wage” in v. 2.

[20:11]  17 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[20:11]  18 tn The imperfect verb ἐγόγγυζον (egonguzon) has been translated ingressively.

[20:13]  19 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the landowner) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:13]  20 tn Grk “And answering, he said to one of them.” This construction is somewhat redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified in the translation.

[20:13]  21 tn Grk “for a denarius a day.”

[20:14]  22 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[20:14]  23 tn Grk “this last one,” translated as “this last man” because field laborers in 1st century Palestine were men.

[20:15]  24 tc ‡ Before οὐκ (ouk, “[am I] not”) a number of significant witnesses read (h, “or”; e.g., א C W 085 Ë1,13 33 and most others). Although in later Greek the οι in σοι (oi in soi) – the last word of v. 14 – would have been pronounced like , since is lacking in early mss (B D; among later witnesses, note L Z Θ 700) and since mss were probably copied predominantly by sight rather than by sound, even into the later centuries, the omission of cannot be accounted for as easily. Thus the shorter reading is most likely original. NA27 includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[20:15]  25 tn Grk “Is your eye evil because I am good?”



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