Exposition

 I. introduction 1:1

This verse introduces the whole book. The word of Yahweh came to Hosea, the son (possibly descendant) of Beeri, during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah (cf. Isa. 1:1). It also came to him during the reign of Jeroboam II of Israel (cf. Amos 1:1). As explained above under "Date,"Hosea's ministry probably extended from about 760-715 B.C. Hosea's name means "He [Yahweh] has saved"and is a variation of "Joshua"(cf. Num. 13:8, 16; Greek Jesus). We know nothing else about Beeri ("my wellspring") or any of Hosea's other ancestors or his hometown.

 II. The first series of messages of judgment and restoration: Hosea's family 1:2--2:1

Though we know nothing of Hosea's personal life before he began prophesying, we do know about a crisis that arose in his family while he ministered. This personal tragedy and its happy ending proved to be a lesson to the people of Israel. This lesson corresponds to and illustrated the other messages of judgment and restoration that follow. Other prophets also experienced personal problems that the Lord used to teach His people (e.g., Isa. 20:1-4; Ezek. 4:1-5:4).

The major themes of the book come into view in this opening section: Israel's unfaithfulness to Yahweh, His judgment of her, and His later restoration of her.

 III. The second series of messages of judgment and restoration: marital unfaithfulness 2:2--3:5

These messages develop the comparison between Hosea's relationship with his adulterous wife and Yahweh's relationship with unfaithful Israel more fully. In both relationships, restoration followed judgment.

 IV. The third series of messages on judgment and restoration: widespread guilt 4:1--6:3

The remaining messages that Hosea recorded in this book continue to expound the themes introduced in the first two series (chs. 1-3). All five series of messages major on Israel's guilt and coming judgment, but all conclude on a positive note promising restoration in the future.

 V. The fourth series of messages on judgment and restoration: Israel's ingratitude 6:4--11:11

This section of the book contains another series of messages that deal, first, with the judgment coming on Israel and, second, the restoration that will follow. There are three major addresses in this section each introduced by a direct address (6:4; 9:1; 11:8).

 VI. The fifth series of messages on judgment and restoration: historical unfaithfulness 11:12--14:9

A tone of exhortation and instruction marks this fifth and last collection of messages.

 VII. Conclusion 14:9

Hosea added a conclusion to his prophecies that is a word of wisdom for the discerning reader. One should learn three things from this book. First, the Lord's ways (covenant commands) are the right (correct and, therefore, best) ways. Second, righteous people will choose to walk in the Lord's ways and to keep His covenant commands because that results in blessing. Third, transgressors (rebels) will stumble over His ways and bring destruction on themselves for their disobedience. Their downfall results from their failure to obey His commands, to walk in His ways

This is an unusual verse in the Bible in that it applies the teaching of the whole book of Hosea to the reader.