3. Judah's inheritance ch. 15

The tribe of Judah probably received first consideration in the text because it was the tribe that had received Jacob's special patriarchal blessing. It was also the largest tribe.

Ancient Near Easterners used natural landmarks (rivers, mountains, deserts, towns, etc.) to construct borders as well as artificial boundaries that they made by drawing lines between sites. Virtually all nations have used these methods, and they are still common today.

Judah was the southernmost tribe west of the Jordan. Caleb's family and the Simeonites lived within Judah's territory. Simeon was the smallest tribe except Levi and lost its territorial identity within Judah shortly after the conquest (cf. Gen. 49:7). For this reason some maps of the tribal allotments do not include Simeon.

 Judah's boundaries and Caleb and Othniel's inheritances 15:1-20

15:1-12 The writer recorded the boundaries of the whole tribal territory first. The description proceeds counterclockwise from south (vv. 2-4) to east (v. 5) to north (vv. 5-11) to west (v. 12).

15:13-19 The writer probably included the record of Caleb's success in driving out the Canaanites in his area to highlight the effect of faith in the settling of the land. Othniel (v. 17) was one of Israel's prominent judges (Judg. 3:9), probably the first whom God raised up in Israel after Joshua's death. He was Caleb's younger brother (Heb. ah, cf. Judg. 1:13; 3:9) and bore the spiritual characteristics of his sibling.¹⁷³

"Acsah's request for the springs is reminiscent of Rebekah's meeting with Isaac (Gn. 24:61-67) in which she also (1) approaches riding on an animal; (2) descends; (3) makes a request; and (4) receives the desired result from the person whom she approaches. Both accounts involve an inheritance of the blessing that God had promised to Abraham. This is probably the reason for the inclusion of this particular note."¹⁷⁴

15:20 This verse concludes the description of the tribal boundaries of Judah given in verses 1-19.

 The towns in Judah 15:21-62

The writer grouped the towns in Judah according to that tribe's four districts. This part of Canaan contained four distinct regions: the southern Negev, the lowland plain (Shephelah), the mountains (hill country), and the desert.

15:21-32 The Negev (south land) formed a region between the more fertile parts of Judah to the north and the desert to the south. The writer listed four groups of towns: the first nine (vv. 21-23), the second five (vv. 24-25), the third nine (vv. 26-28), and the fourth 13 (vv. 29-32).

15:33-47 The Shephelah (lowland) was the area between the Coastal Plain to the west and the hill country of Judah to the east. The Negev lay to its south. The writer grouped the towns in this area also. He named 14 towns in the northern part of the Shephelah (vv. 33-36), 16 in the northwest (vv. 37-41), nine in the south (vv. 42-44), and three in the southwest (vv. 45-47).

15:48-60 Five groups of cities stood in the mountainous hill country of Judah north of the Negev, east of the Shephelah, and west of the wilderness of Judah. This area became home to a large number of Judahites. Eleven towns stood in the southwest section (vv. 48-51) and nine to the north of these (near Hebron, vv. 52-54). Ten more stood to the east of both former groups toward the desert wilderness (vv. 55-57), six to the north of Hebron (vv. 58-59), and two on Judah's northern border (v. 60).

15:61-62 The wilderness of Judah was the northeastern part of the tribal inheritance. It bordered the hill country to the west, the Dead Sea to the east, and the Negev to the south. Six cities occupied this area.

15:63 Even though the Israelites defeated the king of Jerusalem (10:1-27) they were not able to exterminate the Jebusites who lived there. This city remained an island of Canaanite domination on the northern border of the Judahites.