This section records Saul's fourth attempt to kill David. The writer set his account of these attempts in chiastic form.
ASaul directly tried to kill David. 18:10-16
BSaul indirectly tried using the Philistines. 18:17-20
B'Saul indirectly tried using Jonathan and Saul's servants. 19:1-7
A'Saul directly tried to kill David. 19:8-10
This literary structure emphasizes how thoroughly Saul wanted to do away with his rival. Not only did those who desired the best for God love David, but those who desired the best for themselves hated him.
This is the third reference to an evil spirit afflicting Saul (cf. 16:14; 18:10). This influence overcame Saul's good intentions and resulted in his breaking his vow to God (v. 6). Now David had to flee and escape. This phrase occurs three times in this chapter (vv. 12, 18), and it contrasts with David being in Saul's presence (v. 7). From now on David was no longer able to stay in Saul's presence, but he had to flee and escape seeking refuge from the king wherever he could find it. David's days as an outlaw, which began here, would continue until Saul died.
David's experience is typical of that of all people who choose to commit themselves to following God faithfully. Because God blesses them and makes them a blessing to others many people appreciate them. However others who want those blessings for themselves, but are not willing to do what is necessary to get them, despise them.
