² tn The preterite could be given a simple definite past translation, but an ingressive past would be more likely, as the smell would get worse and worse with the dead fish.

¹ tn This verb and the verb in the next clause are imperfect tenses. In the past tense narrative of the verse they must be customary, describing continuous action in past time.

³ tn The form is the Pual imperfect, but since the context demands a past tense here, in fact a past perfect tense, this is probably an old preterite form without a vav consecutive.

³ tn The perfect verb in this line has the nuance of the past tense to express the unique past – the uniqueness of the action is expressed with “ever” (“who has ever perished”).

² tn Heb “In my reflection fire burned.” The prefixed verbal form is either a preterite (past tense) or an imperfect being used in a past progressive or customary sense (“fire was burning”).

² tn Or referring to an engaged man: “if he is past the critical point,” “if his passions are too strong.” The word literally means “to be past the high point.”

² tn The action precedes the action of preparing the gift, and so must be translated as past perfect.

² tn Heb “yesterday and three days ago” or “yesterday and before that” is idiomatic for “previously” or “in the past.”

⁵ tn The verb here is a past perfect, indicting that the locusts had arrived before the day came.

² tn The imperfect tense would here be the customary imperfect, showing continual or incomplete action in past time.

¹ tn In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not imperfect.

¹⁰ tn The imperfect expresses continual action in past time, i.e., a customary imperfect (GKC 315 §107.e).

⁴ tn Here too the imperfect verb is customary – it describes action that was continuous, but in a past time.

¹ tn Here too the verb will be the customary imperfect – it explains what he continually did in past time.

¹ tn In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not imperfect.

¹ tn Here the psalmist refers back to the very recent past, when he began to pray for divine help.

² tn The imperfect is used in the second clause to emphasize that this was an ongoing condition in the past.

² tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a preterite or as an imperfect with past progressive force.

⁴ tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a preterite or as an imperfect with past progressive force.

¹ tn The prefixed verbal form may be taken as a preterite or as an imperfect with past progressive force.