Discovery Box| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 7:16) |
1 tn Heb “for, because.” The particle introduces the entire following context (vv. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">16-25), which explains why Immanuel will be an appropriate name for the child, why he will eat sour milk and honey, and why experiencing such a diet will contribute to his moral development. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 8:16) |
1 tn Heb “tie up [the] testimony.” The “testimony” probably refers to the prophetic messages God has given him. When the prophecies are fulfilled, he will be able to produce this official, written record to confirm the authenticity of his ministry and to prove to the people that God is sovereign over events. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 8:16) |
2 tn Heb “seal [the] instruction among my followers.” The “instruction” probably refers to the prophet’s exhortations and warnings. When the people are judged for the sins, the prophet can produce these earlier messages and essentially say, “I told you so.” In this way he can authenticate his ministry and impress upon the people the reality of God’s authority over them. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 9:11) |
3 tn The prefixed verbal form is understood as a preterite, used, as is often the case in poetry, without vav consecutive. Note that prefixed forms with vav consecutive both precede (וַיְשַׂגֵּב, vaysaggev, “and he provoked”) and follow in v. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">12 (וַיֹּאכְלוּ, vayyo’khÿlu, “and they devoured”) this verb. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 11:2) |
2 tn Heb “a spirit of wisdom and understanding.” The synonyms are joined here to emphasize the degree of wisdom he will possess. His wisdom will enable him to make just legal decisions (v. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">3). A very similar phrase occurs in Eph 1:17. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 11:4) |
5 tn Heb “and by the breath of his lips he will kill the wicked.” The “breath of his lips” refers to his speech, specifically in this context his official decrees that the wicked oppressors be eliminated from his realm. See the preceding note. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 13:4) |
1 sn In vv. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">4-10 the prophet appears to be speaking, since the Lord is referred to in the third person. However, since the Lord refers to himself in the third person later in this chapter (see v. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">13), it is possible that he speaks throughout the chapter. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 16:14) |
1 tn Heb “in three years, like the years of a hired worker.” The three years must be reckoned exactly, just as a hired worker would carefully keep track of the time he had agreed to work for an employer in exchange for a predetermined wage. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 19:17) |
1 tn Heb “and the land of Judah will become [a source of] shame to Egypt, everyone to whom one mentions it [i.e., the land of Judah] will fear because of the plan of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] which he is planning against him.” |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 22:19) |
2 tn Heb “he will throw you down.” The shift from the first to third person is peculiar and abrupt, but certainly not unprecedented in Hebrew poetry. See GKC 462 §144.p. The third person may be indefinite (“one will throw you down”), in which case the passive translation is justified. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 23:4) |
1 tn J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:430-31) sees here a reference to Yam, the Canaanite god of the sea. He interprets the phrase מָעוֹז הַיָּם (ma’oz hayyam, “fortress of the sea”) as a title of Yam, translating “Mighty One of the Sea.” A more traditional view is that the phrase refers to Sidon. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 28:6) |
1 tn Heb “and [he will become] a spirit of justice for the one who sits [i.e., presides] over judgment, // and strength [for] the ones who turn back battle at the city gate.” The Lord will provide internal stability and national security. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 30:26) |
3 tn Heb “the injury of his wound.” The joining of synonyms emphasizes the severity of the wound. Another option is to translate, “the wound of his blow.” In this case the pronominal suffix might refer to the Lord, not the people, yielding the translation, “the wound which he inflicted.” |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 30:32) |
4 tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “and with battles of brandishing [weapons?] he will fight against him.” Some prefer to emend וּבְמִלְחֲמוֹת (uvÿmilkhamot, “and with battles of”) to וּבִמְחֹלוֹת (uvimkholot, “and with dancing”). Note the immediately preceding references to musical instruments. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 33:8) |
4 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “he despises cities.” The term עָרִים (’arim, “cities”) is probably a corruption of an original עֵדִים (’edim, “[legal] witnesses”), a reading that is preserved in the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa. Confusion of dalet (ד) and resh (ר) is a well-attested scribal error. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 34:8) |
2 tn Heb “a year of repayment for the strife of Zion.” The translation assumes that רִיב (riv) refers to Edom’s hostility toward Zion. Another option is to understand רִיב (riv) as referring to the Lord’s taking up Zion’s cause. In this case one might translate, “a time when he will repay Edom and vindicate Zion.” |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 34:16) |
5 tn Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns). |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 34:17) |
1 tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns). |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 40:10) |
3 tn As the Lord returns to Jerusalem as a victorious warrior, he brings with him the spoils of victory, called here his “reward” and “prize.” These terms might also be translated “wages” and “recompense.” Verse he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">11 indicates that his rescued people, likened to a flock of sheep, are his reward. |
| (0.45962339130435) | (Isa 43:27) |
1 tn Heb “your first father.” This could refer to Abraham (see he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">51:2), but elsewhere in Isaiah he does not appear in a negative light (see he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">29:22; 41:8; 63:16). A more likely candidate is Jacob/Israel, also referred to as the nation’s “father” elsewhere (see he%27s&tab=notes" ver="">58:14; 63:16). |
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