¹ Moses ²  sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom: ³  “Thus says your brother Israel: ‘You know all the hardships we have experienced, ⁴ 

And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in Mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom. He said:

Then they traveled from Mount Hor by the road to the Red Sea, ¹  to go around the land of Edom, but the people ²  became impatient along the way.

your southern border ¹  will extend from the wilderness of Zin along the Edomite border, and your southern border will run eastward to the extremity of the Salt Sea,

The land allotted to the tribe of Judah by its clans reached to the border of Edom, to the Wilderness of Zin in the Negev far to the south. ¹ 

These cities were located at the southern extremity of Judah’s tribal land near the border of Edom: ¹  Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur,

O Lord, when you departed ¹  from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain. ² 

King Solomon also built ships ¹  in Ezion Geber, which is located near Elat in the land of Edom, on the shore of the Red Sea.

For six months Joab and the entire Israelite army ¹  stayed there until they had exterminated every male in Edom. ² 

So the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom ¹  set out together. They wandered around on the road for seven days and finally ran out of water for the men and animals they had with them.

Jehoshaphat said, “The Lord speaks through him.” ¹  So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to visit him.

Sure enough, the next morning, at the time of the morning sacrifice, water came flowing down from Edom and filled the land. ¹ 

So Edom has remained free from Judah’s control to this very day. ¹  At that same time Libnah also rebelled.

You thoroughly defeated Edom ¹  and it has gone to your head! ²  Gloat over your success, ³  but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” ⁴ 

These were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king ruled over the Israelites: Bela son of Beor; the name of his city was Dinhabah.

Jehoram crossed over to Zair with his officers and all his chariots. The Edomites, who had surrounded him, attacked at night and defeated him and his chariot officers. ¹ 

You defeated Edom ¹  and it has gone to your head. ²  Gloat over your success, ³  but stay in your palace. Why bring calamity on yourself? Why bring down yourself and Judah along with you?” ⁴ 

But Amaziah did not heed the warning, ¹  for God wanted to hand them over to Joash because they followed the gods of Edom. ² 

Remember, O Lord, what the Edomites did on the day Jerusalem fell. ¹  They said, “Tear it down, tear it down, ²  right to its very foundation!”

They will swoop down ¹  on the Philistine hills to the west; ²  together they will loot the people of the east. They will take over Edom and Moab, ³  and the Ammonites will be their subjects.