Discovery Box| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 26:19) |
4 sn It is not certain whether the resurrection envisioned here is intended to be literal or figurative. A comparison with Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">25:8 and Dan 12:2 suggests a literal interpretation, but Ezek 37:1-14 uses resurrection as a metaphor for deliverance from exile and the restoration of the nation (see Isa 27:12-13). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 29:1) |
1 tn Heb “Woe [to] Ariel.” The meaning of the name “Ariel” is uncertain. The name may mean “altar hearth” (see v. Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">2) or, if compound, “lion of God.” The name is used here as a title for Mount Zion/Jerusalem (see v. Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">8). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 29:4) |
3 tn Heb “and your voice will be like a ritual pit from the earth.” The Hebrew אוֹב (’ov, “ritual pit”) refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. See the note on “incantations” in Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">8:19. Here the word is used metonymically for the voice that emerges from such a pit. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 29:6) |
1 tn Heb “from the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] there will be visitation.” The third feminine singular passive verb form תִּפָּקֵד (tippaqed, “she/it will be visited”) is used here in an impersonal sense. See GKC 459 §144.b. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 30:26) |
1 sn Light here symbolizes restoration of divine blessing and prosperity. The number “seven” is used symbolically to indicate intensity. The exact meaning of the phrase “the light of seven days” is uncertain; it probably means “seven times brighter” (see the parallel line). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 30:28) |
3 tn Heb “and a bit that leads astray [is] in the jaws of the peoples.” Here the nations are likened to horse that can be controlled by a bit placed in its mouth. In this case the Lord uses his sovereign control over the “horse” to lead it to its demise. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 30:29) |
1 tn Heb “[you will have] joy of heart, like the one going with a flute to enter the mountain of the Lord to the Rock of Israel.” The image here is not a foundational rock, but a rocky cliff where people could hide for protection (for example, the fortress of Masada). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 32:15) |
2 sn The same statement appears in Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">29:17b, where, in conjunction with the preceding line, it appears to picture a reversal. Here it seems to depict supernatural growth. The desert will blossom into an orchard, and the trees of the orchard will multiply and grow tall, becoming a forest. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 33:19) |
3 tn Heb “derision of tongue there is no understanding.” The Niphal of לָעַג (la’ag) occurs only here. In the Qal and Hiphil the verb means “to deride, mock.” A related noun is used in Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">28:11. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 35:10) |
2 tn Heb “[will be] on their head[s].” “Joy” may be likened here to a crown (cf. 2 Sam 1:10). The statement may also be an ironic twist on the idiom “earth/dust on the head” (cf. 2 Sam 1:2; 13:19; 15:32; Job 2:12), referring to a mourning practice. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 37:22) |
2 sn Zion (Jerusalem) is pictured here as a young, vulnerable daughter whose purity is being threatened by the would-be Assyrian rapist. The personification hints at the reality which the young girls of the city would face if the Assyrians conquer it. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 38:7) |
1 tn The words “Isaiah replied” are supplied in the translation for clarification. In the present form of the Hebrew text v. Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">7 is joined directly to v. Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">6, but vv. Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">21-22, if original to Isaiah 38, must be inserted here. See 2 Kgs 20:7-8. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 38:16) |
1 tn The translation offered here is purely speculative. The text as it stands is meaningless and probably corrupt. It reads literally, “O lord, on account of them [the suffix is masculine plural], they live, and to all in them [the suffix is feminine plural], life of my spirit.” |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 40:10) |
1 tn Heb “comes as a strong one”; ASV “will come as a mighty one.” The preposition בְּ (bet) here carries the nuance “in the capacity of.” It indicates that the Lord possesses the quality expressed by the noun. See GKC 379 §119.i and HALOT 104 s.v. בְּ. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 40:10) |
3 tn As the Lord returns to Jerusalem as a victorious warrior, he brings with him the spoils of victory, called here his “reward” and “prize.” These terms might also be translated “wages” and “recompense.” Verse Kir+Heres&tab=notes" ver="">11 indicates that his rescued people, likened to a flock of sheep, are his reward. |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 40:22) |
3 tn The otherwise unattested noun דֹּק (doq), translated here “thin curtain,” is apparently derived from the verbal root דקק (“crush”) from which is derived the adjective דַּק (daq, “thin”; see HALOT 229 s.v. דקק). The nuance “curtain” is implied from the parallelism (see “tent” in the next line). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 40:26) |
3 tn Heb “the one who brings out by number their host.” The stars are here likened to a huge army that the Lord leads out. Perhaps the next line pictures God calling roll. If so, the final line may be indicating that none of them dares “go AWOL.” (“AWOL” is a military acronym for “absent without leave.”) |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 44:13) |
2 tn Heb “he makes an outline with the [?].” The noun שֶׂרֶד (shered) occurs only here; it apparently refers to some type of tool or marker. Cf. KJV “with a line”; ASV “with a pencil”; NAB, NRSV “with a stylus”; NASB “with red chalk”; NIV “with a marker.” |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 46:2) |
2 tn נַפְשָׁם (nafsham, “their souls/lives”) is equivalent here to a third masculine plural suffix, but the third feminine singular verb הָלָכָה (halakhah, “they go”) agrees with the feminine noun נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh, “soul, life”). |
| (0.1238571875) | (Isa 46:8) |
1 tn The meaning of the verb אָשַׁשׁ (’ashash, which appears here in the Hitpolel stem) is uncertain. BDB 84 s.v. אשׁשׁ relates it to a root meaning “found, establish” in Arabic; HALOT 100 s.v. II אשׁשׁ gives the meaning “pluck up courage.” The imperative with vav (ו) may indicate purpose following the preceding imperative. |
