² sn Darius ruled Persia ca. 522-486 B.C.

¹ sn See the note on synagogue rulers in 5:22.

¹ sn Perhaps these three more kings are Cambyses (ca. 530-522 B.C.), Pseudo-Smerdis (ca. 522 B.C.), and Darius I Hystaspes (ca. 522-486 B.C.).

¹ sn Darius I Hystaspes ruled Persia ca. 522–486 b.c.

⁴ tc The LXX has “make full payment, pay a full price” (LSJ 522 s.v. ἐκτίνω).

¹ sn Darius is Darius Hystaspes, king of Persia from 522-486 b.c.

³ sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

² sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

⁴ sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

¹ sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

⁴ tn Or “to investigate,” “to contemplate” (BDAG 522 s.v. κατανοέω 2).

² sn King Darius is the Persian king Darius Hystaspes who ruled from 522-486 b.c.

¹ sn On this word here and in the following verse, see the note on the word hell in 5:22.

² sn The statement that Jesus knew their thoughts adds a prophetic note to his response; see Luke 5:22.

² sn This verse gives parenthetical advice to Timothy, to clarify what it means to keep pure (5:22c). Verse 24 resumes the instructions about elders.

² sn The word עֲרָפֶל (’arafel) is used in poetry in Ps 18:9 and 1 Kgs 8:12; and it is used in Deut 4:11, 5:22 [19].

¹ tn The phrase “chief priests and Pharisees” is a comprehensive name for the groups represented in the ruling council (the Sanhedrin) as in John 7:45; 18:3; Acts 5:22, 26.

¹ tn The phrase “chief priests and Pharisees” is a comprehensive name for the groups represented in the ruling council (the Sanhedrin) as in John 7:45; 18:3; Acts 5:22, 26.

⁵ tn The construction translated “walked with” is used in Gen 5:22, 24 (see the note on this phrase in 5:22) and in 1 Sam 25:15, where it refers to David’s and Nabal’s men “rubbing shoulders” in the fields. Based on the use in 1 Sam 25:15, the expression seems to mean “live in close proximity to,” which may, by metonymy, mean “maintain cordial relations with.”

¹ tn The noun “fools” is plural but the verb “mock” is singular. This has led some to reverse the line to say “guilty/guilt offering mocks fools” (C. H. Toy, Proverbs [ICC], 287); see, e.g., Isa 1:14; Amos 5:22. But lack of agreement between subject and verb is not an insurmountable difficulty.