² sn A quotation from Ps 78:2.

² sn Because of my integrity. See Pss 7:8; 25:21; 26:1, 11.

¹ tn Heb “our heart did not turn backward.” Cf. Ps 78:57.

¹ sn Verses 7-8 poetically depict Gen 1:9-10.

¹ tn Heb “the beginning of all their strength,” that is, reproductive power (see Ps 78:51).

¹ tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

² tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

³ tn This is the same Greek word (πένθος, penqo") translated “grief” in vv. 7-8.

³ sn See H. B. Huffmon, “Exodus 23:4-5: A Comparative Study,” A Light Unto My Path, 271-78.

² sn A quotation from Ps 78:24 (referring to the events of Exod 16:4-36).

³ sn For discussion of this ritual see G. F. Hasel, “The Meaning of the Animal Rite in Genesis 15,” JSOT 19 (1981): 61-78.

¹ tn The meaning may have the connotation of “lays; places,” rather than simply abandoning (see M. Dahood, “The Root ’zb II in Job,” JBL 78 [1959]: 307f.).

¹ tn The Hebrew term אִם (’im) is used here in the sense of “when; whenever,” as in Ps 78:34.

² sn This alludes to Gideon’s victory over Midian (Judg 7-8), when the Lord delivered Israel from an oppressive foreign invader.

¹ sn See Ezek 7:8; 9:8; 14:19; 20:8, 13, 21; 22:22; 30:15.

¹ tn Or perhaps “in a cellar” (L&N 28.78). The point is that the light of Jesus’ teaching has been put in public view.

² tn The word דֶּבֶר (dever) is usually translated “pestilence” when it applies to diseases for humans. It is used only here and in Ps 78:50 for animals.

¹ tn “Pass over before” indicates that Moses is the leader who goes first, and the people follow him. In other words, לִפְנֵי (lifney) indicates time and not place here (B. Jacob, Exodus, 477-78).

² tn Verse 12b contains the protasis (“if” clause) of a conditional sentence, which is completed by the rhetorical questions in v. 13. For a detailed syntactical analysis, see F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 78-79.

² tn On the interpretation of the preposition in this construction, see N. Sarna, “The Interchange of the Preposition bet and min in Biblical Hebrew,” JBL 78 (1959): 310-16.