³ sn That is, Lydia (in Asia Minor).

² sn Mysia was a province in northwest Asia Minor.

² sn Mysia was a province in northwest Asia Minor.

⁷ sn Cilicia was a province in northeastern Asia Minor.

¹ tn Grk “the churches of Asia”; in the NT “Asia” always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.

⁵ sn Javan was the father of the Hellenic race, the Ionians who lived in western Asia Minor.

⁴ sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.

¹ sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.

³ sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.

⁴ sn Pamphylia was a province in the southern part of Asia Minor.

² sn Perga was a city in Pamphylia near the southern coast of Asia Minor.

² sn Pamphylia was a province along the southern coast of Asia Minor.

² sn Perga was a city in Pamphylia near the southern coast of Asia Minor.

⁴ sn Cyprus is a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.

¹ sn Phrygia was a district in central Asia Minor west of Pisidia.

³ sn Bithynia was a province in northern Asia Minor northeast of Mysia.

³ sn Thyatira was a city in the province of Lydia in Asia Minor.

⁴ sn Pontus was a region in the northeastern part of Asia Minor. It was a Roman province.

³ sn Phrygia was a district in central Asia Minor west of Pisidia. See Acts 16:6.

⁵ tn Grk “Asia”; see the note on this word in v. 22.